NIS Regulations, short for Network and Information Systems Regulations, are UK laws that require operators of essential services-such as energy, transport, health, and digital infrastructure-to take appropriate security measures to protect their networks and information systems. The aim is to ensure these critical services remain available and resilient during cyber incidents or disruptions. The regulations also require organizations to report significant security incidents to authorities and manage cyber risks proactively. Compliance is monitored by designated regulators, and failure to meet requirements can result in enforcement actions or fines.