The Windows Registry is a hierarchical database used by Microsoft Windows operating systems to store configuration settings and options. It contains information, settings, and options for both the operating system and installed applications. The registry is organized into keys and values, allowing Windows and applications to retrieve and update configuration data efficiently. Misconfigurations or malicious modifications to the registry can impact system stability and security, making it a frequent target for cyberattacks. Regular backups and careful management of the registry are essential for maintaining system integrity and performance.