A SOCKS proxy is a relay protocol that forwards network traffic through an intermediary server instead of connecting directly to the destination. Because it works at a low level, it can carry many kinds of traffic, not just web requests. That flexibility makes it useful for both legitimate administration and covert network movement.
In cyber security, SOCKS proxies matter because they can hide the true origin of connections, helping attackers mask command-and-control traffic, pivot between internal hosts, or route stolen data through another system. Defenders may also use them for controlled egress, inspection, or secure remote access. In investigations, unexplained SOCKS usage on a server, endpoint, or cloud host can be a sign of tunneling, proxy chaining, or post-compromise tooling.