Quantum technology is a field that uses quantum physics to build new kinds of computing, sensing, and communication tools. In practice, this includes quantum computers, quantum sensors, and quantum communication systems. These systems exploit effects such as superposition and entanglement to perform tasks that can be difficult or impossible for conventional devices.
In cyber security, quantum technology matters for both offense and defense. Large-scale quantum computers could eventually break widely used public-key cryptography such as RSA and ECC, which is why organizations are planning migrations to post-quantum cryptography. At the same time, quantum tools may improve secure communications and detection. Real-world risk also includes attacks on quantum research labs, suppliers, and cloud access, where valuable intellectual property, specialized hardware, and sensitive data must be protected with strong access control, monitoring, and continuity planning.