Metrology is the science of measurement. In practice, it covers how measurements are made, calibrated, and linked to recognized standards through traceability. That traceable chain is what lets organizations prove that a result is accurate, repeatable, and trustworthy.
In cyber security, metrology matters because measurement data is often business-critical. Attackers may target calibration records, instrument logs, service histories, or quality-control files to disrupt operations, damage trust, or create extortion pressure. If those records are altered, lost, or encrypted, the impact can be as serious as a system outage. Defenders in measurement-heavy environments protect these assets with offline backups, strict access control, segmented networks, and log preservation so they can verify integrity after an intrusion and restore evidence of traceability.