SQL Views are a GeoServer feature that lets administrators define a layer with custom SQL behind it. Instead of exposing a table directly, the server builds a query to fetch or filter geospatial data for a request. That flexibility is useful for joins, computed fields, and access control, but it also makes the request path security-critical.
If user-controlled parameters reach a view query unsafely, attackers may be able to inject SQL, read data they should not see, or alter database behavior. In some deployments, a successful injection can even become remote code execution if the database account has dangerous privileges or the database supports risky functions. Defenders should treat SQL Views like any other query boundary: use parameterized queries where possible, validate all inputs, and give the GeoServer database account the minimum privileges needed, ideally read-only when writes are unnecessary.