Script execution is the ability to run attacker-controlled commands or code on a target system. In practice, this means an exploit can make a server do work the attacker chooses, rather than what the administrator intended. The code may be a shell command, a web script, or a small payload dropped onto the machine and then launched.
In cyber security, script execution is dangerous because it often turns a software bug into full system control. If the flaw is reachable before authentication, an attacker may not need any valid account to abuse it. On management servers and other admin tools, that can open the door to policy changes, log tampering, reconnaissance, or further compromise. Defenders look for unusual script files, unexpected process launches, and web requests that trigger code paths meant only for trusted administrators. Blocking these paths, restricting access, and patching quickly are key ways to reduce the risk.