Orbital interference is a broad term for activity that disrupts satellite operations. It can refer to radio-frequency interference, such as jamming that degrades or blocks communications, or to unsafe proximity operations, where one space object approaches another in a way that creates operational risk. These are distinct problems and require different evidence.
Radio-frequency interference is investigated through spectrum measurements and signal-quality data. Proximity risks are assessed using orbital tracking, approach distances, and maneuver records; a close approach may prompt collision avoidance, consume fuel, or strain operations. In cyber security, distinguishing these causes helps operators judge impact and intent without treating a warning as proof of an attack. Monitoring signals and orbital behavior, alongside backup communications and continuity plans, can help limit disruption.