Samedi 17 Octobre 2026 20:05:48 GMT+02:00
Netcrook
WIKICROOK - E
TERMES TECHNIQUES
E-bike conversionThe modification of a bicycle to add electric assistance.E-commerceOnline sales functionality that typically requires extra operational care.E-commerce fragmentationwhen online buying is split across different rules, regions, or platforms.E-GMPAn electric vehicle platform architecture used as the context for the reported failures.E-reportingAutomated or near-real-time submission of transaction data for compliance.E-wasteDiscarded electronic equipment that may still be functional or analyzable.E.164The international numbering format used for telephone numbers in global networks.Early adoptersThe first users willing to test a new approach, absorb friction, and help refine it for others.Early interventionSupport introduced before barriers become deeply rooted.Early musicmusic from earlier historical periods, often performed with period-aware technique.Early-bird registrationan advance signup period that usually offers lower-cost entry.Early-stage capitalInitial funding used to build products, hire teams, and reach market validation.Earpiece outputrouting audio through the phone’s in-ear speaker instead of the loudspeaker.Earth BerberokaA source-reported threat actor or cluster linked to online-gambling-related cyber activity.Earth Overshoot Daythe date when humanity’s yearly demand exceeds the planet’s capacity to regenerate resources for that year.East-west movementLateral traffic that moves between systems inside a network, rather than entering from outside.Easter eggA hidden feature or message placed in software for surprise or amusement.EasyMeshA Wi-Fi mesh feature that coordinates multiple access points through a central controller.EC2Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, which provides customer-controlled virtual machines.ECCCThe EU cybersecurity competence centre associated with cyber capacity-building and the Digital Europe funding framework.ECDSAAn elliptic-curve digital signature algorithm used to authenticate SSH servers and users.ECHEncrypted Client Hello, a TLS feature designed to hide more connection setup details.Echo chambera feedback loop where people mostly encounter views similar to their own.EcholocationUsing reflected sound to locate objects and estimate position.Ecografoan ultrasound machine used in medical diagnostics.Ecological deficitthe gap between what natural systems can renew and what people consume.Economic process modelingA method for mapping work steps to their financial and operational effects.Economic returnThe value a deployment generates relative to its cost, including labor, maintenance, and uptime.Economic rightsrights to receive value, income, or other financial benefits.ECOSThe operating system used on HPE EdgeConnect gateways for device-level management and networking functions.Ecosistema distribuitoa model where people, services, and data are spread across multiple connected environments.EcosystemThe network of investors, talent, institutions, and companies that shape growth in a sector.ECSP RegulationEU rules governing crowdfunding service providers and related online investment activity.ECSPRThe regulation referenced in the article as widening access to European business-lending platforms.EDBThe Exchange database file that stores mailbox data.EDGARThe SEC system for collecting and distributing public corporate filings and related data.Edge AI applianceA local device that performs AI processing close to the data source instead of sending everything to a cloud service.Edge blockingstopping malicious traffic near the delivery layer before it reaches the application.Edge cachingStoring content closer to viewers to reduce latency and ease pressure on origin servers.Edge conditionsunusual states where a system may behave differently than during normal operation.Edge deploymentRunning AI on local devices or nearby systems instead of relying only on centralized cloud services.Edge GatewayA device that sits at the network boundary and handles traffic, access, or routing functions.Edge securityProtections applied at the network perimeter, where external traffic first enters.Edge security solutionSecurity software or appliances placed near network boundaries to inspect traffic and enforce policy.Edge softwareInfrastructure that sits at the boundary between users and internal systems, such as web gateways and proxies.EDI archiveselectronic data interchange records that can support logistics workflows.eDiscoveryLegal and compliance workflows used to preserve, search, and produce digital records.Edit localityThe ability to change only a targeted part of an image without altering the rest.Edit modeThe notebook state used for opening, modifying, and interacting with notebook content.Edit throttlingA control that limits how quickly users or bots can modify a wiki or similar platform.Editor extensionA plugin that adds functions to a code editor or IDE.Editor-in-chiefthe senior editor responsible for overall editorial direction and final judgment.Editorial boundaryThe line that defines which topics a publication usually includes or excludes.Editorial contextThe commercial or organizational setting that can influence how content is presented.Editorial continuitythe preservation of consistent standards during a leadership change.Editorial controlA human review process with final responsibility for publication decisions and content handling.Editorial handoffa transition in leadership from one editor to another.Editorial signalA publication cue that something in its format, scope, or direction may be changing.Editorial-style videoa produced video format that relies on structured narration, scene changes, and visual editing to explain a topic.Educational outcomesthe learning results used to assess whether an intervention worked.Educational povertyA condition in which learners lack the resources and support needed to reach their full educational potential.Educational relationshipsThe trust and interaction between students, teachers, and families in learning.Educational toyA learning device designed to teach concepts through hands-on use.EEPROMNon-volatile memory that stores firmware and keeps it available after power-off.Effect presetsPreconfigured sound settings that shape how audio is processed.Effective key sizeA measure of how hard a cryptographic system is to break, based on the best known attack cost rather than just the nominal key length.Effective strengththe practical security level an algorithm provides against attack.EfficacyHow well something works under real conditions.EffortA reasoning setting that can change how deeply the model works on a task.eGRCElectronic governance, risk, and compliance tooling used to track controls, obligations, and incident handling.Egress allowlistingA control that limits which external services a device can contact.Egress pricingThe fee charged when data leaves a cloud provider’s network or moves across certain cloud boundaries.EHR scanselectronic health record images that may contain sensitive medical information.eIDElectronic identity used to prove who a user is during online authentication.eIMAn IoT connectivity-related component mentioned alongside eSIM in the reported solution; the excerpt does not specify its exact technical role.eInkA low-power display technology that keeps text visible without constant refresh.eInvoicingStandardized electronic invoicing that supports automated processing and verification.EIOPAThe European insurance and pensions supervisor that issues sector guidance and regulatory context.ELAMEarly Launch Anti-Malware, a Windows mechanism designed to load anti-malware before all non-Microsoft boot drivers.Elastic StackThe product family built around Elasticsearch and Kibana, often used for search, logging, and analytics.ElasticsearchThe search and analytics engine that stores and processes data in the Elastic Stack.Election infrastructurethe digital systems that support election administration and related operations.Electric gridThe interconnected system that generates, transmits, and distributes electricity, increasingly managed through digital controls.Electricity demandThe amount of power consumers and industries need from the grid at a given time.Electroforminga manufacturing process used to create precision metal forms.Electromagnetic attackA technique that uses radio or other EM signals to influence or extract information from hardware.Electromagnetic radiationEnergy that travels as waves and can interact with matter.Electromechanical InfrastructureThe physical support systems in a data center, including power, cooling and related hardware.Electromechanical TVa television system that uses mechanical parts for image scanning or display.ElectronA framework for building desktop applications with web technologies such as JavaScript, HTML, and CSS.Electronic attestations of attributes (EAAs)Electronic credentials that confirm specific attributes about a person or organisation.Electronic Case-Processing SystemA digital platform used by courts to manage filings, deadlines, and case workflows.Electronic identity card (eID)a government-issued identity token used for digital authentication and signing.Electronic instrumentA musical device that uses electronic components to produce or shape sound.Electronic lab notebooksdigital research logs that can contain experiments, methods, and proprietary findings.Electronic paperA screen medium intended to look and behave somewhat like a physical page.Electronic viewfindera built-in eye-level display that shows the live camera feed.Electronics designThe planning and arrangement of components inside electronic devices.Element ProA workplace messaging client designed for organizations that want stronger administrative control and deployment options.Elenco fornitorithe supplier list used to determine which vendors or services are eligible within the program.Elevated PrivilegesHigher permissions than a normal user, often with administrative or root-level reach.Elevation of privilege (EoP)A flaw that can let an attacker gain permissions beyond what should be allowed.ELF implantA malicious Linux executable in ELF format used to maintain control or manipulate server behavior.Eligibility termsthe conditions that determine who can receive a promotion or bonus.Eligibility WorkflowThe business and technical steps used to decide whether a person qualifies for a specific category, service, or event.Eligible data breachAn incident that triggers notification duties under Australia’s NDB scheme because serious harm is likely.Eligible expensescosts that match the program’s allowed categories and can be funded.ELIZAA classic early chatbot that made users feel understood through scripted conversational patterns.Elliptic curveA mathematical structure used in modern public-key cryptography and digital signatures.Email accountA mailbox used for sending, receiving, and storing messages, attachments, and contact history.Email addressA digital identifier that can be abused for phishing, impersonation, and targeting.Email address targetingThe use of a mailing list or address set to deliver a message campaign at scale.Email archivestored mailbox content that can reveal internal contacts and sensitive context.Email assistantAn AI tool that summarizes, drafts, or triages email content for a user.Email clientsoftware or a web app used to read, send, and manage email.Email compromiseUnauthorized access to an email account that can be used as a foothold for further abuse.Email exposureclaimed compromise of mailbox or address data that can fuel fraud.Email extractionalleged removal of email-related data during an intrusion.Email gatewayA perimeter system that filters, inspects, and routes inbound and outbound mail.Email leakexposure of email addresses that can support phishing or impersonation.Email leakageexposure of email records that may support phishing or impersonation.Email parsingThe process of reading and interpreting email content, headers, and structure so software can act on the message.Email parsing logicThe code that reads and interprets the structure of incoming email messages.Email propagationMalware spread that relies on mail systems to send copies to other users, often through contacts or address books.Email Protection Gateway (EPG)A gateway component designed to control how email is handled between external and internal environments.Email securityControls that reduce abuse of email-based entry points.Email service provider (ESP)A platform that sends bulk or automated email on behalf of organizations.Email SpoofingThe practice of making a message appear to come from a trusted sender when it does not.Email-security platformSoftware that filters, inspects, and controls email traffic to reduce phishing and malware risk.Embedded boarda compact circuit board designed to perform a specific task.Embedded browserA browser engine built into another application for displaying web content.Embedded computerA computing system built into another device or object.Embedded controllerA specialized computer built into equipment to manage a specific function.Embedded designHardware built for a narrow, specific task rather than general-purpose computing.Embedded developmentbuilding software for dedicated devices with specific hardware constraints.Embedded environmenta computing setup built into a device with limited memory, power, or processing headroom.Embedded fontA font file included inside a document, often used for faithful rendering but harder to parse safely.Embedded GenAIGenerative AI built directly into workflows or applications instead of standing alone as a chatbot.Embedded HTTP ServerA web server built into a device or application to handle local or remote requests.Embedded iframeA framed webpage loaded inside another page, sometimes used as a cross-origin attack surface.Embedded printingPrinting material into or onto another structure rather than producing a standalone object.Embedded projecta build that combines software and hardware for a dedicated function.Embedded resourceA bundled file, domain reference, library, or other asset included inside an app package.Embedded SDKShared software building blocks that manufacturers integrate into routers, access points, and other appliances.Embedded serviceA service bundled inside an application, often for testing or convenience.Embedded systemsDedicated computing systems built into devices or machinery to perform specific functions.Embedded videoA video included within an article or page to show a project or process.Embedding ModelA model that turns text into vectors so systems can compare meaning and cluster similar prompts.Emergency accessthe ability to reach or operate an exit quickly during urgent conditions.Emergency patchAn out-of-band update released to reduce urgent security exposure.Emergency preparednessthe ability to respond quickly and effectively to disruptive events.Emergency Response Plan (ERP)A documented plan for responding to incidents and restoring critical operations quickly and safely.Emergency services routingThe process that directs emergency calls to the correct public safety destination.EMMEnterprise Mobility Management, the software layer used to enroll, configure, and govern mobile devices in organizations.Emotion inferenceAutomated estimation of mood or emotional state from signals like facial movement or voice tone.Emotion recognitionA system that tries to infer emotional state or intent from observed signals rather than direct measurement.Employee adoptionThe point at which users understand, trust, and consistently use a new tool in daily work.Employee ambassadorsStaff members who communicate on behalf of a brand, formally or informally.Employee data breachalleged exposure involving personnel or HR-related records.Employee diversity monitoringThe collection of workforce equality data to measure representation and support inclusion efforts.Employee recordspersonal HR data that can increase fraud and privacy risk.Employee-based subscriptionA licensing model where pricing is tied to the number of employees rather than only to installations or users.Employer brandingThe way an organization presents itself to attract and retain talent.EMSelectronic manufacturing services, a business model that often depends on tightly coordinated operations.Emulated USB deviceA software-created device profile that mimics a physical USB peripheral.EMV KernelReader-side software that handles card communication and applies payment rules during a transaction.EMVCo TapToMobileThe industry term for contactless payment acceptance on mobile devices.EN 301 549The European technical standard for accessibility in information and communication technology products and services.Enclosure geometrythe physical shape and internal layout of a case, which affects airflow and heat removal.EncodingThe technical process that makes a language digitally usable by representing its script and structure for computers.Encrypted C2Control traffic protected by encryption, which can make network inspection and detection harder.Encrypted DNSDNS traffic sent through protocols like DoH or DoT to reduce interception or tampering.Encrypted emailA message protected so its contents are harder for standard tools to inspect.Encrypted moduleA payload packaged in encrypted form so it is harder to inspect before execution.Encrypted system backupA backup protected so stored data and secrets are harder to read if the file is exposed.Encrypted TCP exchangesSmall network transfers over TCP that are encrypted to reduce visibility.Encrypted transmissionData sent over a protected channel to reduce inspection and frustrate network detection.Encrypted web sessionA browser connection protected so outsiders cannot read the page content in transit.EncryptInterceptorA Tomcat component that helps protect session data exchanged between cluster nodes.Encryption key managementThe processes used to create, store, rotate, and revoke cryptographic keys that protect sensitive data.Encryption key materialSensitive secret data used to protect files or communications; if exposed, it can increase downstream risk.Encryption stagethe point at which files are locked and the extortion becomes visible.Encryptionless extortionpressure tactics that disrupt operations without encrypting files on disk.End of servicingthe point when a software release stops receiving regular updates and security fixes.End of updatesThe point after which a specific version no longer receives monthly security and quality fixes.End user verificationchecks used to confirm who will ultimately receive and use a product.End-of-life softwareSoftware that is no longer maintained or patched by the vendor.End-of-life supportThe stage where a product no longer receives vendor security updates.End-of-supportA vendor deadline after which no new security fixes or updates are provided.End-to-end processA full operating chain that runs from input and planning through execution, review, and delivery.End-user documentationpaperwork that identifies the intended recipient and use of shipped hardware.Endpoint activitydevice-level events that can help reveal unusual access or behavior.Endpoint AnalysisA posture-checking process that evaluates device security before access is granted.Endpoint baselineThe expected software and configuration state used to judge unusual changes.Endpoint ConfigurationSettings that control where an application sends or receives network data.Endpoint connectorAgent software installed on a device to enforce and connect endpoint security controls.Endpoint custodyThe chain of control over a device, including who receives it, where it is stored, and who can use it.Endpoint defensesecurity software designed to detect or block malicious activity on a device.Endpoint detection and preventionSecurity controls that monitor endpoint devices and related systems for suspicious activity and attempted compromise.Endpoint DLPControls that help limit sensitive data movement from endpoints.Endpoint executionThe point at which malicious code starts running on a user’s device and can begin theft.Endpoint governancerules and controls used to keep devices in a managed state.Endpoint hardeningSecurity controls applied to laptops, desktops, and other user devices to reduce compromise risk.Endpoint huntingThe process of searching endpoint data for signs of malicious activity or compromise.Endpoint integrityThe assurance that a device is running only authorized software and has not been tampered with.Endpoint OSThe operating system running on a user device that connects to enterprise services.Endpoint postureThe security state of a device, including compliance, patching, and risk signals used in access decisions.Endpoint privacyProtections that limit sensitive data collection on a user’s device.Endpoint Privilege ManagementSoftware that controls privilege elevation and application permissions on endpoint devices.Endpoint recoveryThe process of restoring a managed device after failure, reset, or loss.Endpoint remediationThe steps used to remove malware and restore a device to a safe state.Endpoint responseDetection and containment capability focused on devices such as workstations and servers.Endpoint riskThe possibility that a user’s device or account is compromised, bypassing protections in the cloud.Endpoint scanA security check on a device used to detect suspicious or malicious items.Endpoint security evasionactions meant to reduce the chance that security tools detect hostile activity.Endpoint security stackThe collection of tools that protect a device from malware and abuse.Endpoint stackThe combined layers of operating system, drivers, apps, and device software on a PC.Energy attribute certificateA tradable record that links electricity consumption to specific generation attributes.Energy componentThe part of a bill tied to the supply price of electricity itself.Energy constraintslimits tied to power availability, grid capacity, and consumption rules.Energy evaluationa method for estimating resource use under different conditions.Energy harvestingCapturing power from the environment, such as sunlight, to run electronic equipment.Energy intensityThe amount of energy needed to produce one unit of output.Energy storageSystems that store electricity for later use, helping balance supply and demand.Energy storage systemEquipment that stores electricity for later use, helping balance supply and demand.Energy-sector targeta company whose operations can make cyber incidents especially sensitive.Enforcement controlA technical rule or mechanism that stops or limits actions when policy is exceeded.Enforcement lista published list used to operationalize policy action against named targets.Engine updateA Defender update track that refreshes the scanning engine or core protection logic.Engineering datatechnical files, drawings, and specifications used to design and build hardware.Engineering hotfixA targeted vendor patch released to correct a specific vulnerability before a broader software update.Engineering InterfaceA management path used to configure, program, or update a PLC.Engineering SoftwareAuthorized tools used to configure, maintain, or program industrial controllers.Engineering trade-offthe balancing of benefits and constraints in a design.Engineering tradeoffA design choice that balances speed, reliability, cost, and complexity.Engineering velocityThe speed at which a team can move a safe change from idea to production.ENISA reporting workflowThe EU reporting path used for CRA-related vulnerability and incident notifications from the operational start date.Enrollment datarecords tied to student registration, status, and study administration.Enrollment flowthe sequence of online steps a user follows to buy and activate a service.EnrolmentThe process of collecting and validating identity data for issuance of a credential.Enterprise accessUsable entry into a business environment that criminals can resell or reuse.Enterprise Access ModelA privileged access design that separates high-trust systems from lower-trust environments.Enterprise agentAn AI system designed to perform business workflows with access to company tools and data.Enterprise AgreementA volume licensing contract that sets acquisition and usage terms, and in some cases may be relevant to transfer or resale disputes.Enterprise AI securityThe practice of protecting AI systems, their data, and their integrations inside a business environment.Enterprise ATT&CKThe ATT&CK domain focused on enterprise IT environments such as endpoints, identity systems, and servers.Enterprise attack surfaceThe collection of systems, users, and services that can be targeted by attackers.Enterprise authenticationThe process of proving a user or device is allowed onto a business network.Enterprise browserA managed or hardened browser designed to enforce security policy during web-based work.Enterprise browser managementCentralized administration of browser settings, updates, and restrictions across an organization.Enterprise CAA certificate authority integrated with Active Directory and used for enterprise certificate issuance.Enterprise dataBusiness information used inside corporate systems, often sensitive and tightly governed.Enterprise footholda working entry point inside an organization.Enterprise integrationThe process of connecting AI systems to business applications, data sources, and workflows.Enterprise pickA product chosen for larger organizations that need administrative control and scale.Enterprise security firmA company that sells security tools or services to organizations.Enterprise security programThe policies, controls, and processes used to manage organizational security risk.Enterprise spendingPaid usage tracked across business accounts, often used as a proxy for adoption.Enterprise-gradeBuilt for business or large-scale environments where reliability and manageability matter.Enterprise-managed authorizationA model where an organization centrally controls connector access instead of relying on each user.Enterprise-scalea deployment model designed to handle large, complex, high-volume environments.Entitlement bypassUnauthorized access to features or resources by evading permission checks.Entitlement managementthe process of controlling which services or benefits a user is allowed to access.Entitlement reviewA check of existing permissions to confirm they are still necessary and appropriate.Entitlement sprawlThe uncontrolled growth of permissions across cloud systems, making access harder to govern.Entry barriersThe cost, complexity, and effort required to start and grow a business.Entry pointThe code path a Node.js package exposes for import or execution, often defined by main or exports.Entry-level compressionA hiring pattern where the number of first-job technical roles shrinks even as advanced demand remains.Entry-level gearEquipment that offers a lower-cost way to start a hobby or practice a skill.Entry/Exit System (EES)An EU border system that records travel and biometric data for non-EU short-stay travelers.ENUMA system that maps E.164 telephone numbers into DNS names, which can then be resolved to URIs for call setup.Envelope senderThe MAIL FROM identity used during SMTP delivery, separate from the visible From address in the message header.Environment checksTests malware uses to decide whether it is running in a real target environment.Environment fileA local configuration file, often named .env, that may store secrets such as API keys or tokens.Environment mappingBuilding context about devices, software, identities, and posture to support security decisions.Environment segmentationThe practice of separating test, development, and production systems so access cannot spill across boundaries.Environment-gated payloadMalicious code that activates only under specific conditions, such as a target host, setting, or backend path.Environmental claimA statement about the environmental impact, benefit, or footprint of a product or organization.Environmental persistenceThe tendency of a hazard to remain influential for years or decades.Environmental simulationA digital method for testing conditions like crowding, heat, or airflow before building.Environmental stressWear or malfunction caused by conditions such as heat, moisture, or sand.EnzymeA biological catalyst that speeds up a specific chemical reaction.EO/IRElectro-optical and infrared sensing used to visually or thermally detect objects in complex environments.EPCengineering, procurement, and construction work for large industrial projects.Ephemeral CredentialsShort-lived authentication credentials created for a single session or narrow use case.Ephemeral DiskTemporary disk storage intended to disappear or be recycled after a workload ends.Ephemeral environmentsTemporary test environments created for a specific change and torn down after use.Ephemeral runnerA temporary CI worker that is created for one job and then discarded to reduce residue and secret persistence.EpicA large work item that groups related stories and can evolve as the team learns.Epigenetic reprogrammingA method that tries to reset age-related cellular signals without fully changing cell identity.EpistemiaA conceptual term for mistaking the appearance of knowledge for verified understanding.EPONEthernet Passive Optical Network, a fiber access architecture used by some providers.EpoxyA material that hardens through a curing reaction after its parts are mixed.Equal pay principlethe idea that comparable work should be compensated fairly and consistently.Equality monitoringThe collection of workforce diversity data to assess representation and support compliance with equality duties.Equipment authorizationThe approval process required before certain devices can be imported, marketed, or sold in the U.S.Equitable accessfair availability of technology across different users and communities.Equity stakean ownership position in a company that may confer influence over strategy.Equo compensoa fair-payment framework for the use of protected content online.EradicationThe phase where malicious access, tools, or persistence are removed from affected systems.ERP ConsolidationThe effort to reduce multiple enterprise resource planning instances into fewer systems or a more integrated model.ERP credentialslogin details for enterprise resource planning systems that manage business operations.ERP customizationModifying enterprise resource planning software to fit unique business processes or exceptions.ERP landscapeThe collection of applications, integrations, and customizations that make up an organization’s enterprise system environment.ERP/CRMBusiness software for enterprise operations and customer relationship management.Error correctionMethods used to reduce or fix the noise and instability that affect qubits.Error rateThe percentage of requests that fail during a given period.Error toleranceThe ability of a system to remain safe when users make mistakes.Error-based SQL injectionA variant that relies on database error responses to confirm behavior or reveal useful clues.Escalation channelAn internal reporting path for raising safety concerns so they can be reviewed and tracked.Escalation controlThe safeguards that help prevent a mistaken report from triggering action.Escalation LogicThe rules that decide when an AI system should hand a task to a human operator.Escalation ruleA policy that defines when an issue must be moved to higher-priority response or decision-makers.Escape to HostA breakout pattern where software leaves an isolated environment and reaches host-level or adjacent resources.ESCOThe European skills and occupations taxonomy used to standardize skill descriptions for matching systems.ESET Management AgentA legitimate endpoint management component used in enterprise environments.ESGEnvironmental, Social, and Governance standards used to assess non-financial responsibility.eSIM QR codeA scannable activation token used to provision a mobile subscription profile.ESP32-P4A microcontroller used in custom embedded hardware projects.Espionagecovert access focused on quietly collecting information.Espionage groupA threat actor focused on stealthy intelligence gathering rather than quick disruption.Espionage malwareSoftware built to quietly collect information over time rather than cause immediate disruption.EsportsCompetitive video gaming organized around leagues, tournaments, and live audience engagement.ESRSEuropean Sustainability Reporting Standards, the available information standards used to structure sustainability disclosures under the EU framework.Essential subjectA NIS2 category that is subject to one set of reporting and oversight obligations.eSubmissionA digital process for submitting procurement documents in structured electronic form.ETF flowmoney moving into or out of an exchange-traded fund.Ethereum smart contractsSelf-executing code on Ethereum that can store rules or pointers used in abuse scenarios.Ethereum transactionA blockchain record that can carry a recipient address and other metadata.Ethereum transferA blockchain transaction that moves value or records activity on the Ethereum network.Ethereum validatorsnetwork participants that help secure Ethereum by proposing and attesting to blocks.Ethernet switchA device that connects multiple networked systems and forwards traffic between ports.Ethical impact assessmentA structured review of how an AI system may affect rights, fairness, and society before deployment.Ethical Impact Assessment (EIA)A process for examining the risks, benefits, and mitigations of a specific AI system or deployment.EthicsPrinciples used to judge what is responsible, fair, and acceptable in technology use.EU Charter of Fundamental RightsThe EU document setting out core rights, including privacy and data protection.EU-database registrationA filing requirement for certain high-risk public-sector AI deployments before use.EUMSSThe draft European Union Managed Security Services certification scheme under consultation.European Health Data SpaceThe EU policy environment for governed access to health data across borders.European Preservation OrderA criminal-procedure order used to preserve electronic evidence so it can be produced later.European Production OrderA criminal-procedure order used to obtain specified electronic evidence directly from a service provider.European Works CouncilA transnational employee representation body used to inform and consult workers across EU-based groups.EuroprivacyA privacy seal or certification referenced in the context of European data protection.EuroQCIA European initiative focused on quantum-secure communication infrastructure.EUV lithographyAdvanced chipmaking technology using 13.5 nm light for leading-edge semiconductor patterning.EVALA Redis command that runs Lua scripts inside the server process.Eval InjectionA security flaw where untrusted input is evaluated as code, enabling arbitrary code execution.EvalsTests or evaluation procedures used to measure whether an AI system behaves reliably for a task.Evaluation agentan automated agent used to test or measure model behavior.Evaluation harnessThe software and rules used to run, score, and contain a model test.Evaluation infrastructureThe tests, scoring methods, and workflows used to judge model performance before deployment.Evaluation loopA feedback process that uses human review or operational signals to measure and improve model behavior.Evaluation runA controlled test used to observe how a model or agent behaves under repeatable conditions.Evaluator-backed taskA workflow step that interprets scripted input server-side during execution.Event brandingSymbols, names, and visual elements used to identify and protect a major event.Event ID 1000A common Windows application crash log entry used to record unexpected process failures.Event ID 4662A Windows audit event that can help reveal directory object access when the correct logging is enabled.Event IDs 41 and 6008Windows log entries that can indicate an unexpected shutdown or restart, but do not by themselves identify the cause.Event propagationThe movement of a status change, such as a preference update, across connected systems.Event-driven pipelineA workflow where one completed step triggers the next by emitting an event instead of polling for changes.Events APIA direct server-side method for sending conversion events to an ad platform.Evidence automationSoftware that collects, organizes, and tracks proof for audits with less manual effort.Evidence chainThe documented handling path that shows how evidence was collected and preserved.Evidence collectionThe process of gathering data so it can be analyzed without losing integrity.Evidence integrityProof that data has not been altered in a way that breaks trust in the investigation.Evidence recordThe set of logs, notes, screenshots, and messages that may help reconstruct what happened.Evidence retentionThe controlled preservation of records that may later be needed for review, compliance, or dispute resolution.Evidence sufficiencyThe question of whether the available information is enough for the stakes of a decision.Evidence thresholdThe level of testing or confidence needed before an AI system is approved for use.Evidence validationchecking logs and artifacts before accepting impact claims.Evidence-based engineeringA development approach that requires traceable proof, not just a convincing output.Evidence-based governanceA security model that relies on documented controls, ownership, and auditable decision-making.Evidence-driven decision-makingA security approach that prioritizes verified technical and operational signals before action is taken.Evidence-first workflowA process that gathers data before allowing conclusions to be stated.Evil TwinA rogue Wi-Fi network that imitates a legitimate access point to lure victims and manipulate traffic.Evil twin extensiona fake add-on designed to imitate a legitimate developer tool.Evil-twin campaignA tactic where lookalike packages imitate legitimate tools to confuse users or automated installs.EVM-compatibleBuilt to work with the Ethereum Virtual Machine, which supports standard smart-contract behavior.Exam prepThe process of reviewing and practicing for a test.Excellence bandthe highest performance tier, where advanced skills become visible.Exception queueA manual review path for cases the automation cannot resolve with enough confidence.EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATIONa Windows crash error that appears when software accesses invalid memory.ExchangeMicrosoft’s email and calendar platform, often deployed on-premises or in hybrid environments.Exchange OnlineMicrosoft’s hosted email service inside Microsoft 365.Exchange Server Subscription EditionMicrosoft’s current on-premises Exchange line for organizations that still run mail servers locally.Exchange Subscription Edition (SE)Microsoft's subscription-based on-premises Exchange release under active servicing.Executable behaviorsoftware actions that can be run by a system, rather than just read as data.Executable fileA file type that can be run as code by a system or web server in the wrong location.Executable upload directoryA web-accessible folder where a malicious uploaded script can be run by the server.Executable Upload PathA directory where uploaded files may be interpreted as code by the server.Execute PrivilegeA permission that allows a user or role to run protected actions or code paths.Execution capabilitythe ability of a device to run software rather than only pass data.Execution capacitythe ability to turn plans and funding into sustained operational results.Execution ContextThe security boundary in which code is allowed to run, such as a sandbox or service account.Execution isolationA defense that constrains what a process can access, change, or invoke while it runs.Execution LayerThe part of an agentic system that runs tools, workflows, and actions in the real environment.Execution PathA possible route a program can take while running through its code.Execution phasethe stage after contract award, when obligations, documents, and updates must be managed.Execution provenanceA verifiable record of how a system action happened, including actor, order, and resulting state changes.Execution riskthe chance that a plan fails because it cannot be carried out effectively.Execution RoleThe cloud identity a runtime uses to access services and resources.Execution VerificationA vendor-described approach to recording and verifying execution history for autonomous systems.Execution Verification Infrastructure (EVI)A runtime framework designed to capture and verify actions taken by AI agents and autonomous systems.Executive alignmentAgreement at leadership level on priorities, authority, and escalation during a security event.Executive Impersonationpretending to be a senior leader to gain trust and influence decisions.Executive SponsorA senior leader who supports a program, removes obstacles, and reinforces its priority.Executive-facing supportguidance designed to help senior leaders interpret and act on security risk.execveatA Linux execution syscall that can launch programs through an alternate path.ExemptionA rule-based exception that removes some products or cases from a broader requirement.Exfiltration ChainA sequence of steps used to move sensitive data out of a system, often through staged reads and outbound requests.Exfiltration over C2The theft of data by sending it through the same channel used for remote control.Exfiltration Over C2 ChannelA technique where stolen data is sent out through attacker-controlled command-and-control traffic.Exfiltration volumea size figure that may relate to data claims, but is not proof of theft.Exhaustion PrincipleThe legal doctrine under which distribution rights for a software copy may be exhausted after the first lawful sale.Exidy SorcererA late-1970s personal computer platform associated with early home computing.Existential riskA severe, system-level harm scenario often used in AI governance debates.Exit testA practical exercise to check whether a service can be moved away from a provider without major disruption.ExoplanetA planet that orbits a star outside our solar system.Expansion cardan add-on board that extends what a computer can do.Expectation managementSetting realistic goals for what AI should improve, so time saved can be translated into measurable results.Expense trackingThe process of recording and organizing business purchases for accounting and review.Experiment prioritizationThe practice of ranking lab tests by expected value, cost, and likelihood of reducing uncertainty.Expert judgementA human decision based on experience and context when a rule cannot be fully automated.Expiration dateThe card-lifecycle field that indicates when a payment card should no longer be accepted.Expired domainA domain name that was not renewed and returned to the registration pool.Explainable AIAI systems designed so humans can understand the evidence behind their outputs and decisions.Exploit attemptAn observed effort to abuse a vulnerability, not proof of success.Exploit benchmarkA test framework that measures whether an AI can turn a vulnerability into a working attack path.Exploit kitA bundle of tools that automates the use of software vulnerabilities against a target.Exploit launchpadA hijacked system used to start or relay attacks against other targets.Exploit moduleReusable attack code in a framework that automates validation or exploitation of a vulnerability.Exploit pathThe sequence of actions or weaknesses used to turn a flaw into practical access.Exploit PortingAdapting an existing exploit to work against a different device, version, or firmware build.Exploit ProtectionWindows mitigation features that can help block or reduce the impact of known exploit techniques.Exploit reasoningThe ability to infer how a flaw might be turned into a working attack path.Exploit statusA signal showing whether a flaw is publicly known, weaponized, or already abused in attacks.Exploit weaponizationthe process of turning a newly disclosed flaw into a working attack.Exploit-style probingRepeated test traffic designed to look for weaknesses in a web application.Exploitability validationTesting whether a weakness can actually be turned into an attack path.Exploitability verificationTesting whether a vulnerability can actually be used in context, not just whether it exists in theory.Exploitability windowThe time between discovery of a weakness and when it can be used in an attack.Exploitationactive use of a weakness by an attacker.Exploitation in the wildReal-world use of a vulnerability by attackers outside a lab or test environment.ExploitBenchAn AI cybersecurity benchmark that measures progress through multiple exploit-development stages.Exploited flawA weakness in software or configuration that attackers can abuse to gain entry or run code.Explorer.exeThe Windows shell process that helps launch the desktop, taskbar, and file browsing experience.Exponential backoffA retry method that waits longer between each attempt to reduce pressure on a struggling service.Export fileA portable file format used to move passwords manually, often with added handling risk.Export pathA method for moving data out of a service, such as download, sync, or API access.Exposed API keysCredentials left visible or poorly protected, making misuse more likely.Exposed application endpointA network-reachable application surface that can be used for initial access.Exposed asseta public-facing system or service that can be targeted from the internet.Exposed attacker serverAttacker-controlled infrastructure accidentally left reachable on the internet.Exposed credentialsSecrets that were unintentionally made available and should be treated as compromised.Exposed JavaScript filesBrowser-delivered code that can sometimes reveal tokens, endpoints, or debug data.Exposed network devicea device reachable from the internet, often with remotely accessible services.Exposed servicesinternet-facing systems that can increase risk if not tightly controlled.Exposed staging serverInternet-reachable operator infrastructure used to hold tools, pages, or payloads before deployment.Exposed working directoryA publicly reachable file set that may contain logs, scripts, or operational artifacts.Exposure assessmentThe process of identifying where a threat could affect systems, services, people, or operations.Exposure DiscoveryThe identification of services, systems, or assets that are visible outside an organization’s intended security boundary.Exposure intelligenceObservations about how visible systems are to external scanning, useful for measuring attack surface.Exposure InventoryA check of all deployed instances to find systems that still need remediation.Exposure mappingchecking internet-facing systems for services that may need review.Exposure metricA measure of how widely a malicious package was downloaded, not proof of unique compromise.Exposure pendinga status flag showing that impact has not yet been fully confirmed.Exposure pointa reachable system, service, or credential path that may need review after a threat claim.Exposure scopethe amount and type of data that may have been taken or published.Exposure statusWhether a system is reachable by potential attackers, especially from the internet.Exposure timehow long a message remains visible to a viewer.Exposure timera posted date and time meant to intensify leverage.Exposure-based triageA patch-prioritization method that weighs reachability, exploit activity, and asset criticality, not just scores.Expression engineA system that evaluates small pieces of user-defined logic inside an application.Expression evaluationA feature that computes logic from text or data at runtime, which can become risky if attacker-controlled input reaches it.ExpressivenessHow much behavior a language or tool can describe.ExpressLRSAn open-source radio-control link used for drone and FPV communication.Extended Detection & Response (XDR)A security model that combines signals from multiple layers into a single investigation and response workflow.Extended displayA screen used as an additional monitor for another device.Extended learningA learning model built around practice, collaboration, and reflection rather than passive instruction alone.Extended mindthe idea that tools can become part of human cognitive work.Extended Passport (EPP)An SAP tracing mechanism that carries request context across systems and server boundaries.Extended Passport ProcessingA SAP tracing and context-handling mechanism used to track distributed sessions across protocols.Extended Security Update (ESU)the program referenced by Microsoft for continued security updates beyond standard support.Extended StableA slower enterprise update track that still receives security fixes, but on a longer cadence.Extensible Storage Engine (ESE)A Microsoft storage engine that uses files as its data backing.Extension IDThe unique identifier for an extension, usually formed from a publisher name and extension name.Extension integrity protectionsBrowser checks meant to keep unauthorized or tampered extensions from being treated as trusted.Extension ManagerThe JupyterLab feature used to discover, install, and manage extensions.Extension manifestThe configuration file that defines what a VS Code extension contributes and how it activates.Extension modelThe system that lets browser add-ons add features while also expanding the trusted computing surface.Extension permissionsThe browser-granted rights that determine what an add-on can access or change.Extension signingA browser control that requires add-ons to be signed before release installation.Extension spoofingPublishing lookalike add-ons to impersonate trusted tools.Extension storageData kept by a browser extension, sometimes separate from normal browsing data.Extension supply chainThe path an editor add-on takes from publisher to registry to developer machine.Extension update channelThe mechanism that delivers new extension code after installation.Extension-based architectureA design that adds features through separately deployed modules.ExtensionsAdd-ons built with web technologies that can interact with browser features and, in some cases, web content.External attack surface managementA security practice focused on discovering and tracking internet-facing assets, services, and exposures.External Attack Surface Management (EASM)A security practice for discovering and tracking internet-facing assets and exposures.External Authentication Method (EAM)An Entra feature that lets an external service act as part of the MFA process.External Authentication Methods (EAMs)A feature that lets approved external MFA providers participate in sign-in.External borderThe outer boundary of a political or travel zone, where access rules are especially sensitive.External botAn automated software participant that joins meetings and may be subject to Microsoft Teams access controls.External CollaborationA feature that lets users communicate with people outside their organization through a managed platform.External domainsEmail systems outside an organization’s own mail environment.External hard drivea storage device that connects outside the main computer case.External identityPersonal data about executives, employees, and their families that attackers can find and exploit outside company systems.External memoryInformation stored outside the model that can be reused during later runs or tasks.External procedureDatabase-executed code that runs outside the core database engine and may interact with the operating system.External ServicesThird-party systems or APIs that an AI agent can use to fetch data or trigger actions.External validityThe degree to which findings from one dataset can be applied to other settings or users.External-facing systema server or service exposed to the internet and often watched by attackers.Extortion actorsThreat actors that use pressure or claims to force a response.Extortion chainThe sequence of threats, contact, and leverage used to pressure a target.Extortion conspiracyCoordinated criminal activity aimed at pressure, theft, or leverage for payment.Extortion contexta criminal pressure tactic that may precede or accompany data theft claims.Extortion crewa criminal group that uses threats or leaks to force payment or attention.Extortion cyclethe pressure phase where claims, deadlines, and publication are used to coerce a response.Extortion demanda payment request paired with a threat to publish data or increase pressure.Extortion leaka pressure tactic that uses stolen-data claims to force payment or concessions.Extortion leak pagea public post used to pressure a target by claiming stolen data.Extortion leak posta public threat listing that claims stolen or exposed data.Extortion leak threatpressure tactic that threatens publication of data unless demands are met.Extortion narrativepressure messaging that may mix facts with persuasion.Extortion notea threat message used to pressure a target into contact or payment.Extortion operationscriminal campaigns that use disruption or theft to force leverage.Extortion paymentmoney paid under threat, often without any guarantee of a useful outcome.Extortion payment diversiona tactic aimed at redirecting ransom money away from the original attacker.Extortion phasethe pressure stage in which attackers try to force a response.Extortion postinga public claim used to pressure a target.Extortion signala public indicator that may suggest pressure, without confirming a breach.Extortion signalingMessaging used to pressure a target before facts are confirmed.Extortion theaterThe pressure campaign attackers use to amplify fear, urgency, and reputational damage.Extortion timera deadline used to increase pressure in a ransomware-style case.Extortion workflowthe sequence of threats, postings, and deadlines used to coerce a victim.Extra-EEA transferMovement of personal data outside the European Economic Area.Extracted emailsemail addresses copied from a domain or dataset and used as leverage or evidence.Extraction stubThe executable part of an SFX archive that handles unpacking and launch steps.Extradition requesta formal legal demand for one country to transfer a person to another jurisdiction.Extraordinary commissionerA temporary leadership role used to maintain control and continuity during an organizational transition.ExtrapolationExtending today's trend into tomorrow without enough caution.Extraterritorial effectsLegal effects that reach beyond the issuing country’s borders.Extreme heatPeriods of unusually high temperature that can strain people and infrastructure.Extreme pressurevery high force applied to a material, often used to study behavior beyond normal conditions.Extrusiona manufacturing process that shapes material through a die, often used in packaging production.