Vendredi 16 Octobre 2026 22:22:39 GMT+02:00
Netcrook
WIKICROOK - B
TERMES TECHNIQUES
B readth of blast radiusThe number of devices or services that may be affected when a single control point is weakened.B-rollsupplementary footage used to support narration and visual flow.B2B suppliera business that serves other companies, where disruption can affect procurement and operations.Bacha major composer often used as a reference point in classical music discussions.Back-connect proxyA design where an infected host relays attacker traffic instead of only receiving commands.Back-end serviceAn internal system that handles business logic behind a public interface.Back-office integrationlinks between the checkout device and administrative, reporting, or accounting tools.Back-office platforminternal system used to manage sales, inventory, and business operations.Back-office processingInternal systems that handle account setup, billing, and records.Back-office systemsInternal tools that handle administration, inventory, logistics, and other non-customer tasks.Backdoor deploymentPlanting unauthorized access on a server so access can continue later.Backend compromiseUnauthorized access to internal systems that manage services, approvals, or transaction workflows.Backend layerThe less visible systems that keep an online operation running behind the scenes.Backend servicesServer-side systems that process requests and enforce policy.Backend systemsthe server-side components that run behind a user-facing application.Backend verificationServer-side checks that validate app or request trust outside the device.Background accessApp access that can continue without obvious user interaction.Background activityApp behavior that continues while the user is not consciously aware of it.Background compilationProcessing that happens while the user continues interacting with the software.Background locationLocation access that continues when an app is not in the foreground.Background processingapp activity that continues even when the app is not in the foreground.Background serviceAn app component that can run outside the visible interface to handle longer-lived tasks.BackhaulThe links that carry traffic from radio sites into the wider network.BacklashSmall mechanical play in gears that can reduce positioning accuracy.Backlog driftThe gradual loss of connection between a work item and its original intent.BackoffA retry method that waits longer between attempts to reduce pressure on an unhealthy service.Backported fixA security patch adapted for older software branches that still need support.BacksourcingMoving outsourced software work back into the company so it can directly control code, delivery, and governance.BacktestingRunning a candidate detection against historical data to estimate alert volume and false positives before deployment.Backup agentSoftware installed on endpoints to manage backups, often with elevated privileges to reach protected files and services.Backup and recoveryThe process of preserving critical configuration or data and restoring it after loss, change, or compromise.Backup and restore testingThe practice of verifying that stored data can actually be recovered during an incident or outage.Backup anomaliesunexpected changes or failures in backup systems that can signal trouble.Backup copya stored duplicate of data kept for recovery or continuity purposes.Backup deletionthe removal of restore copies to make recovery harder.Backup disciplineThe practice of keeping an independent copy of important data outside the primary service.Backup freshnesshow recent a backup is compared with the latest live data.Backup infrastructureThe systems used to create, store, and restore backup data.Backup integrationA component that connects backup and restore functions to server management tools.Backup management planeThe administrative layer that controls backup, replication, and recovery functions.Backup mirrora copied storage set that may preserve more sensitive data than operators expect.Backup PluginSoftware that connects backup and restore functions to a hosting or management platform.Backup powerEmergency electrical supply used to keep critical systems running during a grid failure or utility interruption.Backup readinessthe ability to restore data quickly after disruption without relying on attackers.Backup recoverythe process of restoring systems and data after disruption.Backup recovery readinessthe ability to restore systems and data after disruption.Backup regressionA new defect introduced by an update that breaks a previously working backup function.Backup repositorya storage location for copied data used for recovery after loss or attack.Backup retentionThe period for which backup copies remain available before deletion or overwrite.Backup rotationa schedule for moving copies between primary storage and backup media.Backup servicea system that stores recoverable copies of data for restoration after an incident.Backup statusThe condition of recovery copies that can limit damage after an incident.Backup syncan automated process that copies data between services or devices for recovery.Backup ViewerA read-only role intended for monitoring jobs and session details.BACnetA standard used for communication between building automation and control devices from different vendors.BACSBuilding automation and control systems used to manage functions such as heating, cooling, and other facility operations.BacteriophageA virus that infects bacteria, often studied as a tool for antibacterial research.Badge securityprotecting event credentials from being copied, shared, or misused.BadIISA malware family associated with web-server implants that can alter or proxy HTTP traffic for fraud and theft.Balancing testThe review used to weigh privacy claims against public interest, expression, and other legal grounds.Ballot stuffingRepeated or fraudulent voting intended to distort results.Banded pricingA pricing model that changes by usage band or tariff band.Bandpass filterA circuit that passes a specific range of frequencies while reducing signals outside that range.Bandwidth-sharing appsoftware that compensates users for sharing idle internet capacity.Bandwidth-sharing applicationsoftware that lets users lend unused connection capacity, but can be misused if installed without consent.Bank account activationThe setup step required before a banking product can be used.Bank mandateinstructions that define who can authorize company payments.Banking correspondence templatesreusable message formats that may support impersonation or fraud.Banking desertificationthe gradual loss of local banking presence in a territory.Banking fraudFraud aimed at stealing credentials, approvals, or transaction value from financial accounts or apps.BAPLIEA shipping message format used for container stowage and vessel planning data.Bare metalsoftware that runs directly on hardware without a general-purpose host operating system.Bare RepositoryA server-side Git repository without a working tree, commonly used for hosting code.Bargaining powerA worker's ability to negotiate pay, conditions, and career progression.Barometeran instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure.Barrier to entryThe effort, cost, or expertise needed to start doing a technical task.Bartop arcadeA compact arcade cabinet designed to sit on a table or counter.Base imagethe starting image layer that other container content is built on.Base systemThe core components shipped with an operating system, separate from add-on packages.BasebandThe low-level communication system in a phone that manages cellular radio functions.Baseband modeA low-level signal-processing mode used to work with raw radio data.Baseband ProcessorA dedicated chip or subsystem that handles cellular and radio functions separate from the main processor.Baseboard Management Controller (BMC)An embedded controller that handles out-of-band server management independently of the main operating system.Baseline MonitoringThe practice of learning normal system behavior so anomalies stand out more clearly.Bash historyA file that records shell commands and can reveal operator activity or secrets.BASICA family of beginner-friendly programming languages designed for simple, readable code.Bastion hostA hardened jump server used to reach private systems without exposing them directly to the internet.Batch endpointA REST feature that groups multiple requests into one call for efficiency.Batch RequestA single API call that triggers multiple internal operations or subrequests.Batch RouteAn API endpoint that processes multiple virtual requests in a single call.Batch scriptA text-based Windows script that automates commands and can be abused for malicious execution.Batch-processing systembackend tooling that handles jobs or transactions in scheduled groups rather than live user sessions.BatchingCombining multiple inference requests to improve throughput and make better use of GPU resources.Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)A system that stores electrical energy and releases it when needed to support grid operations.Battery Management SystemThe software and electronics that supervise battery health, safety, and performance.Battery packA removable module that stores electrical energy for a device.Battery recyclingThe process of collecting used batteries and recovering materials from them.Battery technologythe hardware and chemistry that determine how an EV stores and delivers power.Battery testingChecks used to measure how a cell performs before reuse or assembly.Battle passA progression system that unlocks rewards as players earn in-game progress.Battle Pass timerAn in-game countdown tied to seasonal content access or progression.Battlefield dataOperational information collected from conflict environments and used to train, test, or improve military systems.BaudThe number of signal symbols transmitted per second on a channel.Baud rateThe speed of serial communication, measured in signal changes per second.BCBS 239Basel Committee principles focused on accurate, timely, and complete risk data aggregation and reporting.BCDRA general shorthand for continuity and recovery planning; the exact expansion is not confirmed in the provided material.BcryptA password-hashing scheme that uses salts and a work factor to make offline guessing more expensive.Bed adhesionThe grip between the first layers of a print and the platform below it.Bed levelingSetting the print surface so the first layer stays evenly spaced across the build area.Bed ManagementThe process of allocating, tracking, and optimizing the use of hospital beds to match patient demand and capacity.Beeper audioAudio produced through a basic internal speaker or buzzer.Behavior baseliningComparing current activity against normal patterns to spot unusual or risky changes.Behavior changeA training goal focused on changing day-to-day actions, not just delivering information once.Behavior TreeA structure used in game AI to decide how non-player characters react and act in different situations.Behavior-based assessmentselection methods that evaluate how a person acts in practice.Behavior-based filteringRules that look for suspicious patterns in actions, not just the content itself.Behavioral anomalyActivity that differs from a user’s normal pattern and may need review.Behavioral auditA structured test that checks how a model acts across many scenarios, not just single prompts.Behavioral BiometricsRisk signals derived from how a person interacts with a device, such as typing rhythm, swipes, or mouse movement.Behavioral cluesHuman and workflow anomalies such as inconsistent identity details, camera avoidance, or unusual communication habits that can suggest fraud.Behavioral dataInformation about actions or patterns of conduct that can be used to rank, monitor, or allocate work.Behavioral designProduct choices that shape how people act, decide, and return.Behavioral footprintThe pattern of actions a user leaves across apps, services and locations.Behavioral indicatorsObservable patterns that may suggest unusual or risky user activity.Behavioral influencethe way a system can subtly change how people respond or describe experience.Behavioral intelligenceAnalysis of how a user interacts with a session to identify unusual patterns.Behavioral metricsMeasures that track actions such as phishing reporting, secure workflow use, or risky clicks.Behavioral mismatchA difference between normal user patterns and a suspicious request.Behavioral monitoringThe observation of usage and workflow signals to detect friction, drop-off, or unusual patterns.Behavioral reviewAnalysis of actions and patterns rather than only known bad markers.Behavioral riskSecurity risk that comes from how people react, not only from software flaws.Behavioral scoringRisk analysis based on how a user or bot interacts with a site, not just where it comes from.Behavioral signala measurable action that can help a platform infer preference or interest.Behavioral signalspatterns in activity that can reveal abuse without malware.Behavioral testingA way of checking whether defenses can handle attacker actions and sequences, not only known indicators.Behavioral timelineA sequence view of events over time, used to reconstruct suspicious activity.Behavioral trackinglogs that record how users interact with emails, alerts, or listings.Behavioral validationTesting whether a model still performs as expected after a change.Below-threshold activityActions designed to stay under the level that would normally trigger a formal armed response, while still causing strategic harm.Belt fileA motor-driven abrasive tool used for shaping and smoothing surfaces.Bench servicingRepair work done at a workbench with tools, testing, and direct access to the device.Bench testA controlled check of equipment before it is used in the field.Benchmark cheatingAny behavior that makes a test score look better than the model’s real capability.Benchmark harnessThe controlled environment and rules used to evaluate a system’s performance.Benchmark methodologyThe rules, scoring, and test setup that determine what a performance result actually means.Benchmark metricsDefined tests or measures used to judge whether a system performs safely and effectively.Benchmark saturationThe point at which a fixed test becomes too easy for leading models and stops distinguishing performance well.Beneficial ownership registera database that identifies who ultimately controls or owns an entity.Beneficiary recordsFiles tied to eligibility, enrollment, or service access.Benefit-SharingMechanisms intended to ensure communities receive recognition or value when their knowledge is used.BES Cyber SystemA cyber system whose compromise could affect the reliable operation of the bulk electric system.Beta buildA pre-release software version used to test features that may still change before public rollout.Beta releaseA pre-final software build used to gather feedback and catch remaining issues.Betacam SPa professional analog video format used in older production workflows.BFLABroken Function Level Authorization, where a user can invoke actions they should not be allowed to use.BGP hijackA routing abuse in which false internet announcements divert traffic away from its intended destination.BI ConnectorA middleware layer that helps SQL-based analytics tools communicate with MongoDB.Bi-temporal dataA model that tracks both event time and system-record time for the same fact.Bias pointThe steady operating condition that shapes how a device responds to signals.Bidirectional SubstationThe interface that lets a building receive heat from or feed heat into the district network.Biennial planA subscription billed every two years, often at a lower effective price.Big FiveA shorthand for the largest U.S. tech platforms discussed in this market comparison.BIG-IP APMF5's access-control component used to manage protected access to applications and data.BigDecimalA Java type for precise decimal values, which can become security-relevant when bound from input and rendered back to users.BigDecimal renderingThe process of displaying precise numeric values, which can be abused for response amplification in affected cases.Bill of ladingShipping document that records cargo details and transfer of goods.Billing consistencythe alignment of pricing rules across invoices, account records, and contract terms.Billing dataThe records used to generate invoices and account charges.Billing governanceThe controls that bind usage, identity, and payment details to a legitimate account or organization.Billing IntegrityThe accuracy and reliability of charges, purchases, and account credit in a payment system.Billing logicThe rules a system uses to turn usage data into a customer bill.Billing provenanceThe traceable origin of who paid for a service and whether that payment was legitimate.Billing scheduleThe timetable that defines when charges or discounts are applied.Billing systemsoftware and records used to issue, track, and reconcile payments.Billing unitThe smallest metered quantity used to calculate a charge for a service.Binary authorizationA control that allows only approved, verified software to run in a protected environment.Binary brickingcorrupting selected system binaries to hinder recovery or remediation on the affected device.Binary digitA single 0-or-1 value used to represent information in digital systems.Binary dropperA compiled program that delivers or launches additional malicious payloads.Binary inspectionExamining compiled program files to find code structure, symbols, strings, and other useful clues.Binary loaderA component that starts an infection and retrieves or запуска other malicious pieces in later stages.Binary paddingA technique that adds nonfunctional data to a file to increase its size and can affect inspection workflows.Binary PlantingA flaw where a program runs an attacker-controlled file from a predictable or writable location.Binary provenanceVerification of where a compiled program came from and whether it was altered.Binary shadowingA technique where a malicious executable uses the same name as a trusted tool so the operating system may run the attacker’s file first.Binary sizeThe amount of storage a compiled program occupies on disk or in memory.BindThe LDAP authentication step where a client proves identity to the directory server.Bind identityThe account or identity used to authenticate to an LDAP directory.Bind mountA mount that makes one directory appear at another path.Bind variableA parameter passed into a query so user input is treated as data, not executable SQL.Binding commitmentsenforceable promises to change specific practices.Binding Corporate RulesInternal multinational transfer rules approved by regulators for moving personal data within a corporate group.Binding regulationA legal framework that creates enforceable obligations rather than voluntary guidance.Binding treatya legal agreement meant to create enforceable obligations.Bing resultsweb search answers pulled from Microsoft’s search service and shown inside Windows.BioBlitzA time-limited event where participants rapidly record species or natural observations in an area.BiofabricationMaking materials with biological systems instead of only traditional industrial methods.Biofoulingbuildup of living material on equipment that can interfere with normal operation.Bioinformaticscomputing work that may handle sensitive research data and shared workflows.Biological foundation modela large model trained on biological data to identify patterns and make predictions.Biological hypothesisA testable explanation about how a drug or target may affect a living system.Biological sampleA physical specimen that can contain or reveal medically relevant information.BiomarkerA measurable biological feature used to help describe disease or guide treatment decisions.Biometric identifiersPhysical or behavioral traits such as fingerprints or voice prints used to identify a person.Biometric liveness checkA control that looks for signs a real, live person is present during a biometric scan.Biometric matchingThe process of comparing facial or fingerprint data across systems to verify identity.Biometric recognitionAutomated identification or verification using physical traits such as facial features.Biometric surveillanceAutomated monitoring or identification based on physical or behavioral traits such as face, voice, or gait.Biometric systemTechnology that uses unique physical or behavioral traits for identity checks.Biometric unlockA design in which biometrics can unlock a local key or device function without sending the biometric data to a remote service.BIOS/UEFIMotherboard startup firmware that initializes hardware before the operating system loads.BIP-32Standard for deriving many keys and addresses from one master seed.BIP-39 seed phraseA human-readable recovery phrase that can recreate a crypto wallet if obtained.BIP32A Bitcoin standard for hierarchical deterministic wallets, allowing many keys and addresses to be derived from one seed.Bipartisan billA legislative proposal supported by lawmakers from more than one political party.BirdNETA research platform for identifying bird species from audio recordings.BirdNET-GoA self-hosted application built to analyze soundscapes and classify birds locally.Bit rateThe speed at which data is transmitted on a communication link.Bitcoin forfeitureA legal process that transfers cryptocurrency connected to criminal conduct to the government.Bitcoin ransoma cryptocurrency payment demand designed to be hard to reverse or trace.Black box AIAn AI system whose internal decision process is not fully visible or easily interpretable.Black box modelA system whose internal reasoning is difficult to inspect or translate into human terms.Black screen after sign-inA failure state where the system accepts login but does not fully render the desktop.Black-box extractionA technique for learning a model’s behavior through repeated queries without access to its internals.Black-box testingsecurity testing performed without access to internal source code or system internals.Blackmailforcing compliance by threatening to reveal damaging information.Blackout riskThe chance that electricity supply cannot reliably meet demand.Blame cultureAn environment where fault-finding discourages openness, reporting, and constructive review.Blast-radius analysisA method for estimating how far a failure or incident could spread across connected systems.Blended IdentityAn authorization model that evaluates both the human user and the agent when granting access.Blended ThreatA threat that starts in one domain, such as cyber, and creates effects in another, such as physical operations.Blind Prompt InjectionMalicious instructions that influence an AI system without the attacker needing direct feedback.Blind spotsAreas where weak coverage or poor interpretation hides important threats.Blind XXEAn XXE variant where the attacker may not see direct output, but the parser still processes the malicious entity.BlinkChromium’s rendering engine that processes web content such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.BlobA binary object in a registry, often representing an image layer or configuration data.Blob URLA URL that points to data generated in the browser or stored on a trusted service, depending on the implementation.Block diagramA diagram that shows a system as connected functional parts.Block graphicssimple image shapes built from large colored segments or tiles.Block themeA WordPress theme model built around blocks and the Site Editor, rather than only classic PHP templates.Block zeroingThe process of overwriting newly allocated storage blocks with zeros before they are handed to a user or workload.Blockchain C2A control method that uses blockchain infrastructure to help deliver commands or configuration.Blockchain dead dropA pattern where malware reads configuration or pointer data from a public blockchain.Blockchain intelligenceAnalysis of blockchain activity to understand transactions, addresses, and related risk patterns.Blockchain resolverA potential mechanism where a blockchain network may be used to store or update C2 information, which can make blocking harder if used that way.Blockchain signalingusing ledger activity to carry indirect operational meaning.Blockchain-backed servicesServices that use blockchain-based components to support operation or access.Blockchain-based domain resolutionA naming approach that relies on blockchain-linked records instead of standard DNS alone.Blockchain-hosted payloadsPayload delivery or reference methods that rely on blockchain infrastructure instead of a normal server.Blocking classifierAn automated policy filter that helps decide whether an AI model should answer a request.Blocking sanctionsRestrictions that freeze property and bar U.S. persons from dealing with designated parties.Blocking StatuteAn EU rule meant to reduce the impact of certain foreign sanctions within Europe.BlocklyA visual programming library that lets users build logic with drag-and-drop blocks.Blood hackA mod that restores or adds blood effects in a game.Blood processingLab handling steps used to separate or prepare blood-related samples.BloodHounda graph analysis tool used to map relationships and privilege chains in Active Directory.BlueKeepA remote code execution flaw in older Windows Remote Desktop Services, tracked as CVE-2019-0708.BlueNoroffA financially motivated threat cluster associated with North Korean cyber operations and cryptocurrency theft.BlueprintsUnreal Engine's visual scripting system for building gameplay logic without traditional source code.Bluetooth Classic (BR/EDR)The Bluetooth mode commonly used for audio devices and traditional device-to-device connections.Bluetooth stackthe software layer that manages wireless discovery, pairing, and communication.BNB Smart ChainA public, EVM-compatible blockchain network that supports smart contracts.Boardthe governing body that oversees strategy, accountability, and risk.Board committeea subgroup of directors that reviews risk, audit, or compliance issues.Board confidenceThe level of trust directors place in the organization’s security posture and reporting.Board readinessThe ability to brief directors clearly on strategy, risk, and business impact.Board revisionA specific hardware version that can change compatibility requirements.BOD 26-04A Binding Operational Directive focused on prioritizing security updates based on risk.Bodily regulationPractices that help stabilize arousal, breathing, and physical tension.Body perceptionHow someone sees and interprets their own physical appearance.Body-centric filteringEmail scanning that focuses mainly on visible message text rather than attachments or linked content.BOF (Beacon Object File)A post-exploitation format used to run operator code inside a target process.BOF loadingA method for running modular post-exploitation code inside a target process.BoilerplateRepeated setup code that developers often want to minimize.Bollinatoa budgetary clearance mark indicating the financial review stage has been completed.Bolloa stamp duty charge that may need separate handling in invoicing.BOMBill of materials, the parts list used to build a product.Bonda financial guarantee that may be forfeited if a contract is not fulfilled.BondingThe storage of shared Bluetooth keys so devices can recognize each other later without repeating the full pairing process.Bonifica logicaLogical remediation focused on restoring trustworthy system state.Boot ProcessThe sequence a computer follows when starting up and loading its initial software state.Boot promptThe first command interface a system presents after powering on.Boot SequenceThe startup phase when a system loads its initial state and security controls.Boot StorageThe storage layer involved in starting a system and loading its operating environment.BOOT_START driverA driver that loads during early system startup, before most user-mode security tools are active.Boot-time checkA validation step performed before the OS starts, often used to enforce hardware or security rules.Boot-time persistenceA trait of code that starts automatically when a device powers on, making it harder to remove than a temporary process.BooterA common term for a DDoS-for-hire platform, usually managed through a web interface.Bootstrap chainThe sequence of steps a platform follows to start running code and loading components.Bootstrappingthe first stage of preparing a new system for use.BosswareWorkplace monitoring software that tracks employee activity, productivity, or behavior.Bot accountAn automated or semi-automated social profile used to simulate human activity or amplify messages.Bot and fraud fusionA detection approach that combines bot signals with fraud-related behavior analysis.Bot automationSoftware-driven accounts or workflows that can perform actions automatically at scale.Bot flagA Wikimedia status used to identify approved automated editing accounts.Bot policyThe technical and community rules that automated clients must follow when interacting with a service.Bot verificationMethods used to confirm a crawler's identity, such as cryptographic checks, IP validation, or reverse DNS.Boundary conditionsThe assumptions that define how a simulation behaves at its edges.Boundary deviceA system such as a router or gateway that sits between local networks and external traffic.Boundary enforcementThe act of checking rules at the point where one system trusts another, such as payment authorization or network access.Boundary layerthe thin region where a liquid or gas directly interacts with a surface.Boundary managementThe practice of keeping instructions separate from untrusted data so one cannot override the other.Boundary testingTests designed to see whether a system can exceed its permitted scope or perform unapproved actions.Bounded autonomyA control model where an agent can act only inside predefined rules and permissions.Bounded crawlingCrawling limited by rules such as scope, depth, or request count.Bounded functionA capability that is intentionally narrow rather than general-purpose.Bounded outputA restricted set of allowed answers that makes machine action easier to control.Bounded workflowA process with a clear scope, start point, and end point that is easier to automate safely.BPFA Linux kernel mechanism used for filtering, tracing, and sandboxing, often with JIT support.BPF mapA kernel data structure used by eBPF programs to store and share state between kernel and user space.BPF mapsShared data structures used by eBPF programs to store state.BPMN 2.0A standard graphical notation for modeling business processes in a consistent way.Brain anatomythe study of the structure of the brain and its regions.Brainstemthe lower part of the brain that helps control essential functions.Branch Target Buffer (BTB)A CPU structure that helps predict where indirect branches will go.Branch-specific fixA patch released for a particular software line or version family.Brand authenticationthe practice of making a public-facing channel easy to verify as genuine.Brand consistencythe degree to which a product keeps its visual and editorial identity stable across experiences.Brand consolidationThe process of bringing products or operations under one public identity.Brand recallthe ability of an audience to remember a brand after seeing it.Brand safetythe practice of keeping messaging and placements away from misleading or harmful associations.Brand templatingReusing one attack layout across many victim brands with small changes.Breachunauthorized access to a system or account.Breach counta reported total of incidents linked to one actor or campaign, which may still leave technical details unresolved.Breach detectionMonitoring that helps identify whether personal data appears in leak datasets.Breach indexA tracking resource that groups incidents by importance, impact, or relevance instead of only by technical detail.Breach Notification RuleThe HIPAA rule that governs notices after a breach involving unsecured protected health information.Breach scopethe confirmed boundaries of what was affected in an incident.Breached scopeThe full extent of data, systems, or users affected in a security incident.Breached-password screeningChecking passwords against known leak lists to block weak or reused secrets.Break-even pointThe transaction level at which a plan’s savings balance out its monthly cost.Breaking newsInformation presented as newly available and potentially time-sensitive.Breakout boardA small board that makes an electronic component easier to connect and test.Breakout timeThe interval between an attacker’s initial compromise and the start of lateral movement inside a network.Bribery probean investigation into whether money or favors were used to influence official actions.BrickingRendering a device unusable because its software cannot start correctly.BridgeA protocol that moves assets between blockchains, sometimes used to complicate tracking.Bridge contractA smart contract that moves or represents assets between blockchains or network layers.Bridge riskSecurity exposure that appears when assets move between two connected systems.Bridge subsystemThe Linux kernel component that implements software bridging for Ethernet networks.Bring Your Own EDRA technique class that repurposes a legitimate endpoint security agent as part of the attack path.Bring-your-own-toolsA model where a service works with the customer’s existing security stack.BrittlenessA tendency to break or crack with limited bending.Broadcast mediumA communication channel where one transmission can be received by many listeners.Broadcast playoutSystems that schedule and deliver media content for transmission.Broadcast spectrumThe radio-frequency space used to send television signals over the air.Broadcast sponsorshipPaid branding that appears during live event coverage.Broadcast televisionA traditional model where viewers receive scheduled content with limited control.Broken electronicsdevices that no longer work as intended but may still contain useful parts.BrokerThe server component in MQTT that routes messages between publishers and subscribers.BrownfieldPreviously used land that can be repurposed for new infrastructure.Browser AutofillA browser feature that stores and enters saved personal or login data, which malware may target.Browser automationSoftware control of a browser through scripted actions, which can be abused to drive hidden sessions.Browser cacheLocal storage used by browsers to keep fetched content for faster reuse.Browser chromeThe browser-controlled interface area, including the address bar and security indicators.Browser compartmentalizationSeparating browsing activities so one identity or task does not blend with another.Browser compatibilityThe degree to which a website or web app works correctly across different browsers and operating systems.Browser credential theftThe extraction of usernames, passwords, or session material saved by a web browser.Browser DLPData loss prevention controls that help restrict sensitive information from leaving through the browser.Browser encryptionA storage protection layer that helps protect saved browser data at rest.Browser exploit windowThe period between patch release and full deployment, when unpatched systems remain targetable.Browser FingerprintA set of browser and device characteristics that can help distinguish one client session from another.Browser hijackA condition where a page makes the browser seem locked or controlled, often through deception rather than real system compromise.Browser hijackerSoftware that changes browser settings, redirects searches, or alters web traffic without proper user consent.Browser history APIA browser interface that allows extensions to read a user's history when granted the proper permission.Browser lock screenA page or overlay that makes a browser appear stuck or unusable.Browser memoryThe temporary working space used by a browser while running scripts and handling page content.Browser persistenceTechniques that help malicious activity survive user navigation or short-term browser resets.Browser phishingA phishing method that presents the fake login or credential page inside the browser session.Browser policy engineA browser layer that applies rules about what content can load or execute.Browser profile dataStored browser information such as saved logins, autofill entries, and session artifacts.Browser protectionsSecurity controls inside browsers that are meant to make stored secrets harder to steal.Browser ProxyAn intermediary that routes browser traffic through a defined path for control or inspection.Browser restartThe point at which a downloaded update becomes active, which is essential for actual risk reduction.Browser session hijackingReusing a victim's authenticated browser state, such as cookies or tokens, to act as that user.Browser settingsthe configuration area where users can enable or adjust browser features.Browser signalssettings or data points a browser exposes that can shape privacy and access decisions.Browser telemetryData about what happens inside a browser session, including requests and page interactions.Browser toolA web-based interface that lets users interact with software or connected devices.Browser trafficthe requests and responses sent by a web browser while loading sites and services.Browser trustThe habit of checking whether a website and its content come from a reliable domain.Browser trust boundaryThe line between user expectations and what installed software can actually control.Browser-accessibleA page or service that can be opened directly in a web browser.Browser-accessible admin consoleA management interface that can be reached through a web browser, often increasing exposure if not tightly restricted.Browser-basedSoftware that runs inside a web browser rather than as an installed desktop program.Browser-based attackA technique where a web browser becomes part of the exploit path, often through a malicious page or web-delivered trigger.Browser-based linkA web invitation that can open a session in a browser.Browser-based office softwareproductivity tools that run through a web browser instead of a desktop app.Browser-based sign-inAn interactive login flow that runs inside a web browser rather than through an API-only path.Browser-capable agentAn AI assistant that can browse webpages or use web search as part of its workflow.Browser-delivered exploit chainA multi-step attack that starts in the browser and may escalate into deeper system control.Browser-in-Browser (BitB)A phishing method that fabricates a login window inside a webpage to mimic real browser UI.Browser-in-the-BrowserA phishing trick that creates a fake login window inside a browser page to mimic a real sign-in prompt.Browser-level controlsDefenses that monitor or restrict risky actions inside the browser itself.Browser-level filteringSecurity controls built into a browser to help spot or block risky content.Browser-like rendererSoftware that displays HTML content and may process scripts or embedded elements.Browser-session controlManipulation of an active browser session after login, often more valuable than stolen passwords alone.Browser-session hijackingTaking over an authenticated web session by abusing browser state or session material.Browser-side assemblyA delivery method where the browser helps combine smaller components into a final payload.Browser-side stagingA delivery method that assembles or prepares payload components inside the browser.Browser-side theftAttacks that capture data inside the victim's browser during web use.Browser-stored credentialsPasswords and login data saved by web browsers, which can be valuable to infostealers after initial access.Browser-to-shell handoffThe moment a web interaction leads to command execution in a local terminal or shell.Browser-to-shell transitionA process path where a browser leads into a command-line tool such as PowerShell or cmd.exe, often a red flag.Browsing history databaseLocal storage that records browser activity and related data.Brute-force DefenseProtections that slow or disrupt repeated attempts to guess authentication credentials.bSDDA shared construction dictionary that helps different tools and teams use the same terms and properties.BSONA binary-encoded serialization format used to store and exchange documents in MongoDB.BTR.sysMicrosoft Defender's boot-time remediation driver, used to remove stubborn malware during startup.Budget controla spending approach that helps keep purchases within a set amount.Budget creepThe tendency for a project’s total cost to rise after parts and integration are added.Budget-neutral decreeA legal measure introduced without extra funding attached to it.Buffer over-writeA memory corruption bug where data is written past the intended boundary of a buffer and can alter nearby memory.Buffer pre-allocationReserving memory in advance for incoming data, which can become risky if the size logic is not tightly controlled.Bug Bounty ProgramA security initiative that pays researchers for responsibly reporting vulnerabilities.Bug fixA change that corrects a software error or unstable behavior.BugTraqA long-running mailing list associated with public vulnerability disclosure.Builda specific compiled state of Windows used to identify a system version.Build agentA worker that executes jobs sent by a CI/CD server.Build ArtifactA file or package produced by a software build, such as an installer or binary.Build environmentThe system where code is compiled, tested, packaged, or prepared for deployment.Build logThe recorded output from compilation and linking jobs, which can sometimes retain sensitive diagnostics.Build ManifestChainguard’s vendor-specific metric for a verifiable build or artifact event; not a standard OCI object name.Build phaseA step in compilation where scripts or tasks can run, creating a potential abuse point in a poisoned project.Build platformThe surface where a print begins and where adhesion is managed.Build processThe stage where source code is compiled into software, often with access to local files and environment data.Build scriptCode that Cargo can run automatically during compilation to perform custom build tasks.Build serverA system that coordinates compilation, testing, packaging, and release tasks in software pipelines.BuilderA tool that generates customized malware builds, often with selectable options or modules.Builder FrameworkA configuration system that lets an operator generate customized malware variants.Building AutomationControl systems that manage facility functions such as HVAC, lighting, and environmental conditions.Building Automation System (BAS)Technology used to monitor and control facility systems.Building Energy ModelingA simulation method used to estimate how a building uses energy under different design or operating conditions.Bulk accessLarge-scale queries or downloads against a database that can signal unusual or suspicious activity.Bulk access loggingRecording large-scale queries or exports so unusual data activity can be investigated later.Bulk data accessUnusual large-scale reading or copying of records that can signal theft activity.Bulk data exposurethe release or theft of many records at once, often magnifying privacy harm.Bulk exfiltrationthe large-scale removal of data from a network.Bulk lookupLarge-scale querying of a database, often a warning sign in breach investigations.Bulk power systemThe large-scale network that moves electricity across regions and interconnections.Bulk queryA large-scale request for records that can signal unusual data access.Bulk-mail toolingSoftware used to send large volumes of email, often reused in phishing operations.Bulk-power systemThe generation and transmission network, plus related components needed to keep the electric grid reliable.Bulk-Power System (BPS)The high-voltage transmission and generation network needed to maintain electric reliability.Bulletin boarda shared surface for public notices and community messages.Bundlea combined commercial offer that packages multiple services together.Bundled licensingA pricing model where security features are included inside a larger product or subscription.Bundled offera package that combines a core service with optional extras.Bundled offeringA product included with a broader software package, which can reduce adoption cost.Bundled security suiteA subscription package that combines multiple tools, such as VPN and antivirus.BurdenThe load connected to a current transformer's secondary circuit, which can influence measurement accuracy.Burp Suite ProfessionalA licensed desktop platform used for web application penetration testing and security validation.Business accountA bank or fintech account designed for company payments and financial operations.Business AcumenThe ability to link project decisions to strategy, value, and organizational goals.Business AgentAn AI assistant designed to handle customer conversations and routine business tasks.Business analysisThe discipline of defining needs and recommending solutions that deliver value to stakeholders.Business analystA professional who translates business needs into requirements that guide technology or process change.Business AngelAn individual who invests personal money in early-stage companies, usually alongside mentoring or network support.Business ArchitectureThe discipline of defining business capabilities, value streams, and structures before choosing systems or org charts.Business Associate Agreement (BAA)A contract that defines how a vendor must handle protected health information on behalf of a covered entity.Business continuity management systemThe set of policies, processes, and controls used to keep essential operations running during disruption.Business credit cardA payment card used for company or professional expenses rather than personal spending.Business CriticalityThe degree to which a system matters to revenue, operations, compliance, or other core outcomes.Business dataoperational records that can affect finance, continuity, and internal workflows.Business ExceptionA policy waiver or carve-out that temporarily allows deviation from standard security controls.Business FlowA sequence of steps that drives a real application task, such as booking or canceling a reservation.Business glossaryA managed list of approved business terms and definitions, often used to reduce confusion across departments.Business impact metricsMeasures that link technical activity to outcomes such as revenue, cost savings, or customer experience.Business intelligence platformSoftware used to query, visualize, and report on organizational data from connected sources.Business logic integrityThe security of an application’s rules and workflows, especially where data or outcomes must not be altered.Business logic layerThe part of a workflow where rules, calculations, and transformations are applied.Business lossesFinancial harm tied to interruption, recovery, or operational disruption after an incident.Business messagingThe use of chat platforms for sales, support, and other company-customer workflows.Business modelThe financial structure that explains how a project pays for itself over time.Business model changeA shift in how a project is funded, supported, or offered that can alter its compliance posture.Business operationsThe everyday processes an organization depends on to work effectively.Business outcome metricsMeasurements tied to real operational or financial results, not just usage counts.Business ownershipClear accountability from a non-IT leader for outcomes, adoption, and process change.Business planA subscription tier designed for organizational use and team administration.Business ProcessA structured sequence of work steps that produces an outcome or decision.Business process modelingA method for mapping how work moves through an organization, including tasks, handoffs, and decision points.Business process reengineeringThe fundamental redesign of a process to improve performance rather than just speed up old steps.Business rescuea legal restructuring process used when a company is in financial distress.Business riskThe operational, financial, safety, or compliance impact of a technical issue.Business rule engineSoftware that applies validation or substitution rules during transactions.Business serviceA capability delivered to customers or internal users that the business relies on.Business Servicesa sector label that can point to customer-facing and workflow disruption risk.Business subscriptionA paid service tier that bundles features for company use under one account.Business systemsinternal tools that support administration, finance, or operations.Business translationTurning technical risk into language that leadership can act on.Business value realization frameworkA structured method for defining expected benefits and checking whether a technology investment delivers them.Business WalletA policy and technical framework for trusted business identity and digital interaction across borders.Business-impact analysisA method for identifying critical functions, recovery priorities, and acceptable downtime.Business-logic tamperingManipulating application rules or workflows so outputs change without obviously breaking the program.Busy boardA tactile panel built for hands-on interaction through simple controls.BusyBoxA compact multi-call utility suite for embedded Linux systems that bundles many command-line tools into one binary.Buy Boxthe marketplace placement that often determines which seller is shown first.Buyer verificationBasic checks that help confirm whether a seller, platform, or offer appears legitimate before payment.BylineThe named author credit shown on a page.BYOLBring Your Own License, a model that lets customers use existing software licenses in another environment.BYOTCBring Your Own Trusted Caller, a pattern where a trusted user-mode application is abused to reach privileged driver functions.Bystander privacyThe privacy risk faced by people near a device that can capture data.Byte addressingBackground term for a system where addresses refer to individual bytes.Bytecode interpreterA program that executes custom instructions instead of native machine code, often used to hide how a sample works.