Proximity operations are deliberate approaches or coordinated movements between satellites or other objects in space. They may support inspection, tracking, servicing, or rendezvous. Unlike an accidental close pass, they involve planned or controlled movement, though the purpose and intent may not be clear from motion alone.
These operations matter to cyber security because close approaches can create collision risks, prompt evasive maneuvers, use limited propellant, or place a satellite under operational pressure. Defenders assess them using orbital tracking data, conjunction warnings, and maneuver records; they should not assume a hostile act without supporting evidence. Proximity operations are distinct from radio-frequency interference, which is investigated through spectrum and signal measurements.