IoT devices are internet-connected hardware such as smart TVs, cameras, printers, thermostats, and appliances. They usually have limited CPU, memory, storage, and battery or power budgets, so they cannot support heavy security controls or frequent manual administration. Many run embedded operating systems with long firmware lifecycles, which means vulnerabilities can remain in place for years.
In cyber security, IoT devices matter because they are often easy to compromise and hard to monitor. Attackers use them for botnets, proxy relays, and footholds inside home or enterprise networks, especially when passwords are weak, remote management is exposed, or firmware is outdated. Defenders reduce risk by segmenting these devices onto separate networks, disabling unnecessary services, applying firmware updates, and limiting outbound connections with egress controls. Their limited resources also make them an interesting target for small malware or lightweight AI components that could persist and spread without drawing immediate attention.