The Ecosistema Dati Sanitari (EDS) is a national data layer designed to support services built around health-record data. In practice, it helps connect clinical records, identity systems, APIs, and authorized applications so that health information can be queried, reused, and exchanged under defined rules. It is not the citizen-facing record itself, but part of the infrastructure that makes that record useful across institutions.
EDS matters in cyber security because a shared health-data layer expands the attack surface: more integrations, more credentials, more access paths, and more opportunities for misuse. Defenders must secure authentication, authorization, logging, segmentation, and data provenance while keeping care workflows available. In real attacks, such platforms are attractive targets for credential theft, unauthorized access, and data exfiltration; in defense, they require strong governance, least-privilege access, and continuous monitoring to preserve both privacy and service continuity.