Viernes 16 Octubre 2026 22:23:25 GMT+02:00
Netcrook
WIKICROOK - N
TÉRMINOS TÉCNICOS
N-day exploitAn attack that targets a vulnerability after it has been patched but before systems are updated.N-day windowThe period after a flaw becomes known when unpatched systems remain exposed to abuse.NACNetwork Access Control, a system that decides what can connect to a network and what it may access.namedThe BIND daemon process that handles DNS service functions.Named pipean interprocess communication channel that local processes can use to exchange data.NamedNodeMapA live browser collection of an element’s attributes.Namespace hijackmisuse of a trusted naming space to make a package appear legitimate.Namespace hijackingUsing naming identity to confuse package ownership.Namespace ownershipThe claim of authority over a publisher or project name inside a software registry.Namespace serverA server that helps present and resolve a shared DFS path for clients.Naming collisionA risk where an attacker registers a name that a trusted system expects to be unavailable.Naming conventionA standard format used to assign consistent labels.NAND flash memoryNon-volatile storage technology used in SSDs and data-center storage arrays.Nanometerone billionth of a meter, a unit used for extremely small distances.Narrative analysisThe study of repeated themes, framing, and messaging patterns across content.Narrative launderingRepackaging a message so it looks organic, casual, or community-driven.Narrative riskthe chance that rumors or incomplete claims distort how an event is understood.NASA-STD-1006A NASA technical standard applicable to NASA programs and projects that establishes protection requirements to help ensure mission resilience.NasdaqA major U.S. stock market known for listing technology companies.NAT tableThe state database a gateway uses to track active translations and mappings.NAT table exhaustionFilling the device’s session table until new connections are blocked or delayed.Nation-state threata cyber operation linked to state interests or state-backed actors.Nation-state threat actorA cyber operator assessed to have state backing or state-aligned goals.National Airspace System (NAS)The interconnected aviation environment that includes aircraft, ground systems, airports, and operational infrastructure.National competent authorityThe public body responsible for applying and interpreting a specific regime.National Cybersecurity Coordination Centera government body named for coordinating cyber-related activity across institutions.National ecosystemThe network of research, industry, policy, and investment that supports technology development.National ID numbera government-issued identifier that can increase identity theft risk if exposed.National security agencyA government body focused on intelligence, security, and sensitive technical work.National strategyA government's long-term plan for setting priorities and coordinating action on cyber risk.National threat assessmentA government judgment about the most significant cyber risks facing a country or its institutions.Native bridgeThe code layer that lets JavaScript in a WebView call device features provided by the app.Native codesoftware written in languages like C or C++ where memory-safety bugs can be especially severe.Native extensionAdd-on code written in a low-level language such as C that is called by a higher-level runtime.Native featureA capability built directly into the application.Native KMSThe cloud provider's built-in key management layer, used as the first-line encryption control.Natural Language Processing (NLP)AI techniques that help computers read and extract meaning from human language.Natural processA change or structure produced by physical forces rather than deliberate design.Natural-language interfaceA system that accepts plain-language requests instead of rigid syntax.Naval weather concernsThe operational need for ships and fleets to anticipate dangerous conditions at sea.Navier-Stokes equationsPartial differential equations that describe the motion of incompressible viscous fluids.Navier-Stokes problemA major open mathematics problem about fluid motion and the equations that describe it.Navigation seasonThe part of the year when waters are open enough for regular vessel movement.NBFCa non-banking financial company that provides financial services without holding a banking license.NdYAG: A solid-state laser medium made from neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet.NDAA non-disclosure agreement, often sensitive if exposed in a leak.NDcPPCollaborative Protection Profile for Network Devices, a certification profile used for secure network equipment.Near-frontier performanceA claim that a model is close to the best current systems on some tasks.Near-TDP drawOperating close to a chip's thermal design power limit, where it is consuming near its maximum intended power.Nearby-device permissionsAndroid permissions that control access to local device discovery and short-range communication features.NEETa person not in education, employment, or training.Negative resistanceA behavior in which the current-voltage relationship can appear opposite to the usual positive-slope expectation.Negotiated agreementan agreement reached through discussion rather than a purely adversarial process.NegotiationThe bargaining phase in which attackers and victims may exchange demands.Negotiation windowa short period when attackers may demand contact before publication.NEMAA U.S. standard family used to define the physical form of plugs and receptacles.Neo-cloudAn AI-focused cloud provider that offers dedicated accelerator capacity and infrastructure tuned for large workloads.Neo4jA graph database platform that stores information as connected nodes and relationships.Nervous systemthe network of cells that coordinates signals and behavior.Net interest outlaysFederal interest payments minus interest income, showing how much debt service costs the government.Net priceThe energy price after removing certain additional charges, used for cleaner comparisons.Net promoter scoreA metric that gauges employee or customer sentiment by measuring willingness to recommend a company.Net returnThe amount left after defaults, recoveries, costs, and tax effects.Net zeroA balance between greenhouse-gas emissions produced and removed.net/schedThe Linux kernel networking area that handles traffic control, queuing, and packet scheduling.NetBlocksAn internet monitoring group that tracks disruptions using measurement and corroborating signals.NetbookA small laptop designed for portability and basic everyday computing.NeTExA European standard for exchanging planned public transport information.NetlinkThe Linux communication channel between userspace and kernel space for networking and system control.Netlink attribute lengthA size field that must match the data being carried; mismatches can create security bugs.Netlink attributesStructured messages used by userspace and the kernel to exchange networking data.netrwA bundled Vim plugin for file browsing and related tasks that can become part of the exposure path.NetScalerCitrix’s appliance family used for application delivery and secure access at the network edge.NetShieldProton VPN’s filtering feature for blocking ads, trackers, and some malicious domains.NetSupport RATRemote access trojan software that can give an operator control over an infected device.Network accessThe ability of a device to connect to online services and exchange data over a network.Network adminA person responsible for maintaining and troubleshooting network systems.Network allowlistA policy that permits connections only to approved domains or IP addresses.Network allowlistingA control that permits connections only to approved domains or addresses.Network analysisA method for mapping relationships inside an organization to identify influence patterns and connectors.Network and Information Systems (NIS) RegulationsThe UK framework that sets cybersecurity and incident-response obligations for essential service operators.Network blackouta claimed or actual shutdown of business connectivity and services.Network connectivityThe ability of systems to exchange traffic across internal and external network paths.Network controlauthority over how a communications service is managed and operated.Network denial of serviceTraffic flooding aimed at exhausting bandwidth or related resources on a target.Network disruptionInterference that degrades or blocks normal communication between systems and users.Network flowa record of traffic between systems, used to describe communication without full packet capture.Network Flow TelemetryTraffic records that help analysts spot unusual outbound communication or data movement.Network HardeningSecurity measures that reduce exposure by restricting who and what can reach a service.Network identificationA service that helps identify drones and their operators through connected digital tracking.Network limitationsReachability constraints that can prevent a test from touching every asset.Network management systemThe control layer used to monitor, configure, and operate communications infrastructure.Network MappingDocumenting how systems communicate so defenders can understand pathways and dependencies.Network ObservabilityThe use of telemetry such as traces, metrics, and logs to understand how distributed systems are behaving.Network outageA loss of connectivity or service that prevents systems from communicating or operating normally.Network perimeterThe boundary layer where external traffic meets internal systems, often enforced by firewalls and gateways.Network policyRules that limit which IP addresses or networks can reach a cloud account or service.Network resilienceThe ability of a network to keep operating and recover gracefully when stressed or disrupted.Network sandboxingA controlled environment used to execute suspicious content and observe its behavior safely.Network Security PerimeterA cloud control designed to define and restrict allowed network access around managed resources.Network security policy management (NSPM)tools and processes for reviewing, approving, and auditing network access rules.Network ServerA system that stores or processes shared data and services, often a high-value target in healthcare environments.Network slicingA way to create separate logical network services with different performance profiles.Network speedThe practical rate at which a connection transfers data, which can vary by plan and conditions.Network switchA device that connects multiple devices on a local network and forwards traffic between them.Network technicianA worker who installs and maintains connectivity infrastructure such as cabling and fiber.Network telemetryNetwork logs or signals that help verify online behavior.Network Time SecurityA cryptographic extension for NTP that authenticates time synchronization traffic.Network topologydocumentation showing how systems, links, and segments are arranged inside an environment.Network Traffic Analysisinspection of network communications to understand behavior, relationships, and anomalies.Network traffic analysis platformSoftware that inspects network flows and reconstructs communication for security monitoring.Network traversalmoving through internal systems after the first point of entry.Network triggerA specific packet or message that causes dormant malware to activate.Network tunnelingA method of relaying traffic through a host to hide command-and-control or reach internal systems.Network-exploitableA flaw that can be triggered over a network connection rather than by physical access.Network-layer attackA flood aimed at packet handling and transport infrastructure rather than application content.Networked deviceHardware that can communicate over a network for monitoring, control, or updates.NetworkingThe connectivity layer that moves data between AI components and services.Networking outlookA company forecast for future performance in its network products and services business.Neural EngineA dedicated Apple silicon component optimized for machine learning tasks.Neural interfaceA system that connects biological signals to software or hardware inputs.Neural wiringThe pattern of connections linking neurons into circuits.NeuraleseA shorthand for machine-internal representations that may be hard for humans to read.NeuromarketingMarketing practice that uses behavioral or response-based signals to study or influence consumer choices.Neutral criteriajob-related factors used to justify pay decisions without bias.Neutrinoan extremely light particle that interacts very weakly with matter.New OutlookMicrosoft’s newer Outlook client with policy-driven mail handling.New Tab pageThe screen shown when a browser opens a fresh tab, often used as a starting point for browsing.New Tab surfaceThe browser page shown when a new tab opens, often used for shortcuts, recommendations, or widgets.Newsletter aziendalea recurring email communication sent by a company to an audience.Next-generation firewallA firewall that inspects traffic more deeply than basic packet filtering.Next.jsA React-based web framework used to build server-rendered and hybrid web applications.Nexus switchesCisco switches designed for high-throughput data center and fabric deployments.NGINX Stream moduleThe NGINX subsystem used for TCP and TLS stream proxying and routing.NGOAMA Cisco feature name tied to network operations and maintenance functions on NX-OS devices.Nickel platingThe application of a nickel coating, often used for appearance, wear resistance, or corrosion protection.Nipkow diska rotating disk with apertures used to scan an image mechanically.NIS subjectsOrganizations placed within the NIS framework and therefore expected to meet the related cybersecurity obligations.NIST IAL2A NIST identity assurance level that requires stronger evidence and verification than lower assurance tiers.NIST SP 800-115A NIST guide for technical security testing and assessment methods.NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 2A federal security standard with 110 requirements for protecting CUI in nonfederal systems.NIST SP 800-63-4NIST’s digital identity guideline suite covering identity proofing, authentication, and federation.NIST SP 800-63AU.S. guidance for digital identity proofing and related assurance considerations.NIST SP 800-82U.S. guidance for securing industrial control and operational technology environments.No lockupA feature that allows funds to be withdrawn without a fixed waiting period.No target victim websitea missing field that leaves the claim harder to validate.No-edits videoA recording left largely intact so viewers can follow the full sequence of work.No-logs policyA provider commitment to avoid storing user activity or connection metadata.No-trainingA promise that customer data will not be used to improve or train a model.noarchpython: A Conda package type for pure-Python packages that can be installed across platforms.node.exeThe Windows executable that starts Node.js scripts and applications.Node.js backdoorMalicious code built for the Node.js runtime that may create unauthorized access or secret theft risk.Node.js Permission ModelA process-level control feature that limits what a Node.js process can access at runtime.Node.js runtimeA JavaScript execution environment that runs applications outside the browser.Noindex TagAn HTML directive that tells search engines not to index a page.NoInputNoOutputA Bluetooth I/O capability category for devices with no keyboard, display, or other interactive controls.Noise budgetThe amount of computational error an encrypted workload can absorb before results become unreliable.Noise floorThe background level below which a useful signal becomes difficult to detect.Noisy neighbor problemPerformance degradation caused by another workload sharing the same infrastructure.Nominal rateThe headline interest rate before losses, fees, or taxes are applied.NomofobiaAnxiety or discomfort tied to being without a mobile phone or connection.Non-asset freight brokeragea logistics broker that arranges shipments without owning the transport fleet.Non-cacheable variableA value that is recomputed instead of stored, which can affect how NGINX evaluates expressions.Non-CartesianA coordinate or motion system that does not use the standard perpendicular grid.Non-consensual intimate image abuseThe sharing or use of intimate images without a person’s permission.Non-consensual intimate imagerySexual or private images of a real person created or shared without permission.Non-contactsSenders outside a user’s saved address book, often a higher-risk source of outreach.Non-custodialA model where users control their own keys rather than handing custody to a provider.Non-default configurationA setting that is not enabled by default, but can still create serious risk when it is active.Non-delegable dutyAn obligation that remains with leadership even when tasks are assigned to others.Non-deterministic behaviorBehavior that can change even when the same request is repeated.Non-discriminationA principle requiring fair treatment without unfair bias based on protected characteristics.Non-emergency systemsInternal or administrative platforms that support operations but do not handle urgent public calls.Non-human framingDesign choices that make it clear the system is software, not a person or friend.Non-human identitiesAccounts used by applications, services, scripts, or automation rather than by people.Non-proliferationThe set of policies and controls aimed at preventing nuclear material from being diverted to weapons use.Non-qualitythe total cost created by defects and process drift, not only discarded output.Non-security updateA release focused on usability, compatibility, or feature changes rather than vulnerability remediation.Non-system indexa user-created index that holds application or operational data rather than internal cluster metadata.Non-terrestrial network (NTN)A mobile architecture that extends connectivity through satellites or other platforms above the ground.Non-verbal communicationmeaning carried through posture, tone, eye contact, and gesture.Non-violent resistancePolitical pressure applied without physical aggression, often through symbolism or mass participation.Nonconsensual Intimate Imagery (NCII)Sexual images or videos shared or created without a person’s consent.Nondeterministic softwareSoftware that can produce different outputs from the same input, making behavior harder to predict.Nonemployer businessA firm with no paid employees, typically run by an owner or owners alone.Noniusa technical term associated with measurement, often used in precision reading contexts.NonstationarityA condition where the statistical properties of data change over time.NordLynxNordVPN's WireGuard-based VPN technology.Norton CommanderA DOS-era file manager that spawned many clones.NoSQLA database model built for flexible data structures and scalable handling of large datasets.Nostalgiaemotional attachment to past experiences that can shape how digital goods are valued.NostrA decentralized protocol where signed events and profile data are published through relays.Not ConfiguredA state where no explicit policy value has been assigned.Nota di creditoA credit note used to adjust or reverse a previously issued invoice.NOTAFTERA sudoers date constraint that sets the latest valid time for a rule.NOTBEFOREA sudoers date constraint that sets the earliest valid time for a rule.NotebookA laptop computer used in workshops and labs for hands-on technical exercises.Notebook metadataEmbedded configuration stored inside a notebook file alongside visible content.Notebook ServiceAn interactive environment for code and data work that can also expose network-facing features.Notice systema platform used to publish official case updates, alerts, or procedural messages.Notifiable Data Breaches schemeAn Australian privacy framework that can require notification when a breach is likely to cause serious harm.Notificathe official delivery of a legal or regulatory act.Notification authoritythe body designated to handle notifications under the framework.Notification CategoriesA feature for organizing notifications into groupings.Notification controlsSettings that limit or silence alerts so they interrupt work less often.Notification obligationThe duty to formally report a qualifying cyber incident to the relevant authority or body.Notification permissionsThe browser setting that lets a website send alerts to a user.Notification spamRepeated unwanted alerts that overwhelm users and reduce attention.Notification windowthe fixed time limit for formally reporting a security issue after it is identified.Notified BodyAn independent third party designated to assess conformity in cases where the regulation requires external review.Noveltysomething valued mainly because it feels new, unusual, or surprising.Novelty objectAn item made mainly for curiosity, humor, or display rather than strict practical use.Now PlatformServiceNow's enterprise platform for workflow automation, data handling, and application services.NozzleThe shaped exit that directs expanding gases to produce motion.Nozzle geometryThe internal shape of the nozzle channel, which can affect how material moves through it.Nozzle-extrudableCapable of being pushed through a nozzle in a manufacturing process.npm access tokenA credential used to authenticate to the npm registry, often with install or publish permissions.npm namespaceThe ownership boundary that identifies who controls a package name in the npm registry.npm provenanceMetadata that links a package to its source and build path for auditing.npm trusted publishingA release method that uses short-lived, workflow-bound identity instead of long-lived registry tokens.NPSAUK National Protective Security Authority, the body that runs CAPSS and publishes related physical-security guidance.NRV2EA compression algorithm documented in UCL and associated here with a compressed wrapper behavior.NSA 5GNon-Standalone 5G, which uses existing 4G infrastructure alongside 5G radio access.NSIPThe management IP used to administer a NetScaler appliance; it should be tightly restricted.NsiproxyA Windows networking-related component that helps expose network information to user-mode clients.NSPMNetwork Security Policy Management, a method for tracking and verifying network security policy across its lifecycle.Ntds.ditThe main Active Directory database file stored on a domain controller.Nth-party riskRisk that comes from a supplier’s suppliers, and further down the dependency chain.Nuclei templateA reusable scanner rule that tests for a known vulnerability pattern.Nucleo APRa dedicated unit focused on APR operations.NudifyA tool or service that transforms ordinary photos into synthetic sexualized images.NuitkaA Python compiler that can package code into standalone Windows executables.Null ByteA zero-value character that can truncate or alter how a parser reads input.Null resultan outcome where no predicted signal is detected, often used to rule out theories or tighten limits.Null reverse-pathA MAIL FROM:<> value that SMTP permits for certain message types, such as bounce-related mail.Numerical modelA mathematical representation that is solved by computation rather than by direct observation.Numerical Weather PredictionComputer-based forecasting that simulates atmospheric conditions to estimate future weather.Nutrition monitoringOngoing attention to diet quality and eating patterns during treatment.NVIDIA BlackwellNVIDIA’s rack-scale AI accelerator architecture, built for high-density deployments that rely on liquid cooling.NVMeA high-speed storage interface designed to reduce latency and improve access to flash-based storage.NVRNetwork video recorder, the appliance that stores and manages surveillance video streams.NX protectionA memory safety control that marks regions as non-executable to limit code execution abuse.NX-APIA management interface that can be used to interact with a switch programmatically, increasing exposure if enabled.NX-OSCisco’s operating system for Nexus-class data center switching platforms.