A vaultless architecture generates tokens and, where needed, reconstructs the original values without keeping a central database of token-to-value mappings. Instead, controlled mechanisms such as cryptographic keys, algorithms, or protected services support token creation and reversal.
It can reduce the risk of a single mapping store becoming a high-value target, but it does not eliminate the need to protect sensitive data. Attackers may target keys, reversal services, APIs, or administrative access. Defenders should identify which systems can create or reverse tokens, secure and restrict those paths, and assess whether connected workloads remain in scope for applicable security requirements.