In technology, impact is the practical effect a solution has on users, processes, or environments. It includes intended benefits as well as unexpected consequences that emerge when a system is used in real-world settings.
In cyber security, reviewing impact helps teams assess how a tool, change, or security control affects people and operations, including whether it creates new risks or disrupts essential work. Attackers also seek impact: after gaining access, they may disrupt services, alter data, or expose information. Evaluating effects during design, testing, and deployment helps organizations identify problems early and make informed decisions.