Cyber-dependent crime is an offence that requires computers, digital systems, or networks to be carried out. Examples include creating or deploying malware, disrupting services with a denial-of-service attack, or breaking into a system without authorization. The technology is central to the offence, rather than merely a tool used to commit a conventional crime.
This distinction helps investigators and defenders classify activity and select appropriate evidence and safeguards. In real attacks, cyber-dependent crimes may involve exploiting software vulnerabilities, stealing credentials to gain system access, or interfering with data or services. Defenses include keeping systems updated, using strong access controls, monitoring logs, and preserving evidence when suspicious activity is found. An investigation into an alleged cyber incident does not, by itself, establish that a cyber-dependent crime occurred; technical findings must confirm what happened.