Cognitive workload is the mental effort required to perform a task. It is usually estimated indirectly from signals such as task demands, behavior, or physiological measurements; no single signal proves how mentally strained someone is. In workplace systems, estimates may be used to identify demanding tasks or adjust assistance, but they require validation in the conditions where they will be used.
In cyber security, workload estimates can become sensitive personal data, and inaccurate or manipulated readings may affect safety decisions or automated equipment. Defenses include limiting collection and access, protecting data integrity, keeping clear logs, validating models, and providing human oversight and override controls. These measures help prevent monitoring data from being misused and reduce the chance that faulty inputs lead to unsafe actions.