Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) is computer-based forecasting that uses physics equations, atmospheric measurements, and simulation models to estimate future weather. It combines data from sources such as satellites, radar, weather stations, and ocean sensors, then runs those inputs through high-performance computing systems to produce forecasts for wind, rain, temperature, and pressure.
In cyber security, NWP matters because its outputs often feed operational decisions in energy, aviation, logistics, and emergency management. That makes the forecasting pipeline a trust boundary: if data feeds are stale, spoofed, or altered, the forecast can become inaccurate. Attackers may also target model code, update mechanisms, or training data to change results without obvious signs. Defenders protect NWP systems with data provenance checks, integrity monitoring, access controls, logging, and fallback procedures so decisions do not rely on unverified forecasts.