MVC stands for Model-View-Controller, a software design pattern that separates an application into three parts: the model for data and business rules, the view for what users see, and the controller for handling requests and choosing responses. In Java web frameworks such as Apache Struts, MVC helps keep routing, page rendering, and application logic organized.
In cybersecurity, MVC matters because security flaws often appear at the boundaries between these layers. If a controller accepts unsafe input, or a view renders data without proper escaping, attackers may trigger injection, information leaks, or denial of service. Defenders use the MVC structure to review where user input enters the app, where it is validated, and where it is transformed into output. Understanding which controllers, views, and helper components are actually active also helps reduce attack surface when patching or disabling legacy features.