Caller context is extra information shown about an unknown caller before you answer. It may include signals such as a name, number reputation, account status, or other metadata that helps a user judge whether the call is likely legitimate.
In cyber security, caller context matters because voice calls are a common starting point for phishing, scam, and social-engineering attacks. Attackers often rely on urgency and surprise, so any clue that slows the victim down can reduce risk. Defenders use caller context to help users screen suspicious calls, but it is only a decision aid: it does not prove identity by itself and can be misleading if the displayed data is incomplete or spoofed.