Article 99 of the EU Artificial Intelligence Act sets the administrative fine ceilings for specified categories of infringement. It is not a single penalty that applies to every AI-related compliance failure: the applicable ceiling depends on the conduct and the relevant provision. The Act also provides different maximum amounts for different infringement categories, with rules that can take company size into account.
For organizations, Article 99 matters when assessing regulatory exposure and building compliance controls. In practice, a regulator may examine whether an AI system was properly governed, documented, and monitored; the facts determine which rules and potential penalties apply. Maintaining version histories, risk assessments, test results, deployment records, and decision logs helps teams demonstrate how a system was managed. In Italy, national enforcement responsibilities may involve multiple authorities, so identifying the applicable rule and process is as important as understanding the fine ceiling.