Article 4 of the EU AI Act requires providers and deployers to take measures that ensure sufficient AI literacy. In practice, that means people who build, approve, or use AI systems must have enough knowledge for their specific role, experience, and use context. It is not a one-size-fits-all training rule and it does not mandate a single certification or course format.
For cyber security, Article 4 matters because many AI failures come from human misuse: overtrusting model output, sharing sensitive data with an assistant, ignoring warning signs, or failing to escalate a risky decision. A good compliance program uses role-based training, usage rules, supervision, and records that show how competence is maintained. That turns AI literacy into a real control, helping organizations reduce operational errors, privacy exposure, and unsafe use of AI in high-risk workflows.