In cybersecurity, 'state' typically refers to a nation-state, meaning a government or its agencies. State-sponsored cyber attacks are operations conducted or supported by a government, often targeting other countries, organizations, or individuals to gather intelligence, disrupt operations, or achieve political objectives. These attacks are usually sophisticated, well-funded, and persistent, making them particularly challenging to defend against. State actors may use advanced malware, social engineering, and other tactics to achieve their aims, and their activities can have significant geopolitical and economic impacts.