Ransomware is a type of malicious software (malware) that cybercriminals use to block access to a victim’s data or computer systems, usually by encrypting files. The attacker then demands a ransom payment, often in cryptocurrency, in exchange for restoring access. Ransomware attacks target individuals, businesses, and organizations of all sizes, causing significant financial and operational damage. Victims are typically notified of the attack through a ransom note displayed on their device, with instructions on how to pay. Paying the ransom does not guarantee data recovery, and experts recommend maintaining strong backups and security practices to reduce risk.