Proprietary information refers to confidential data, knowledge, or material owned by an organization that gives it a competitive advantage. This includes trade secrets, business plans, formulas, processes, customer lists, and other sensitive information not publicly available. Protecting proprietary information is crucial in cybersecurity, as unauthorized access or disclosure can result in loss of competitive edge, financial harm, or legal consequences. Organizations often use legal agreements, such as non-disclosure agreements (NDAs), and implement technical controls to safeguard this information from cyber threats and insider risks. Proper handling ensures business continuity and maintains trust with stakeholders.