Penetration testing, often called pen testing, is a cybersecurity practice where experts simulate cyberattacks on computer systems, networks, or applications. The goal is to identify and fix security vulnerabilities before real hackers can exploit them. Penetration testers use various tools and techniques to mimic the actions of malicious attackers, helping organizations strengthen their defenses and protect sensitive data. This proactive approach is crucial for maintaining robust security and complying with industry standards.