A Peltier module, also known as a thermoelectric cooler, is an electronic device that uses the Peltier effect to transfer heat from one side to the other when electrical current passes through it. This creates a temperature difference, making one side cool and the other warm. In cybersecurity, Peltier modules are sometimes used to cool sensitive hardware components, such as CPUs or encryption devices, to maintain optimal performance and prevent overheating, which can lead to hardware failures or data corruption.