Network Security Monitoring (NSM) is the continuous process of collecting, analyzing, and escalating indications and warnings to detect and respond to security threats within a network. NSM involves monitoring network traffic using various tools and sensors to identify unusual patterns, unauthorized access, or malicious activities. By maintaining visibility into network operations, organizations can quickly detect and respond to potential cyberattacks, data breaches, or operational issues. NSM is a proactive approach that supports incident response, forensics, and compliance efforts. It typically includes the use of intrusion detection systems (IDS), log analysis, and packet capture to provide actionable intelligence for security teams.