Mutual TLS (Transport Layer Security) is a security protocol that ensures both the client and server authenticate each other's identity using digital certificates before establishing a secure, encrypted connection. Unlike standard TLS, where only the server presents a certificate to prove its identity, mutual TLS requires both parties to present and verify certificates. This two-way authentication process significantly enhances security by preventing unauthorized access and ensuring that both ends of the communication channel are trusted. Mutual TLS is commonly used in scenarios where sensitive data is exchanged, such as in APIs, microservices, and enterprise network communications.