IPv6, or Internet Protocol version 6, is the latest version of the system that assigns unique addresses to devices on the internet. It was developed to replace IPv4, which is running out of available addresses due to the rapid growth of internet-connected devices. IPv6 provides a vastly larger pool of IP addresses, enabling more devices to connect directly to the internet. While it improves network efficiency and security features, IPv6 can also expose more information about users if not properly configured, making cybersecurity measures essential.