The Instrument Landing System (ILS) is a ground-based radio navigation aid used in aviation to assist pilots during aircraft landings, particularly in low visibility conditions such as fog, rain, or nighttime. ILS provides both lateral and vertical guidance to an approaching aircraft, ensuring it stays aligned with the runway centerline and descends at the correct angle. The system consists of two main components: the localizer, which provides horizontal guidance, and the glide slope, which offers vertical guidance. By following the signals transmitted by these components, pilots can safely land even when visual cues are limited, significantly enhancing flight safety and operational reliability at airports.