Identity and Access Management (IAM) refers to the frameworks, policies, and technologies that ensure the right individuals and devices have appropriate access to digital resources within an organization. IAM systems manage digital identities, authenticate users, and authorize their access to networks, applications, and data. By controlling who can access what information and at what level, IAM helps protect sensitive data, prevent unauthorized access, and support regulatory compliance. It is a fundamental part of modern cybersecurity strategies, enabling secure and efficient management of user permissions across complex IT environments.