Export controls are government regulations that restrict or prohibit the transfer, sale, or sharing of specific goods, software, or technologies to foreign countries or entities. These controls are often put in place to protect national security, prevent the spread of sensitive technologies, and comply with international agreements. In cybersecurity, export controls commonly apply to encryption software and hardware, ensuring that powerful security tools do not fall into the hands of adversaries or unauthorized users. Organizations must comply with these laws to avoid legal penalties and safeguard sensitive information.