Encryption (XOR) is a simple cryptographic technique that uses the XOR (exclusive OR) logical operation to conceal data. Each bit of the plaintext is combined with a corresponding bit of a key using XOR, resulting in ciphertext. Decryption is performed by applying the same XOR operation with the same key, which restores the original data. XOR encryption is fast and easy to implement but is only secure if the key is truly random, as long as the message, and never reused. Otherwise, it is vulnerable to various attacks. While not suitable for strong security needs, XOR encryption is commonly used in simple applications, obfuscation, and as a building block in more complex cryptographic algorithms.