EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) is a type of non-volatile memory chip used in computers and other electronic devices to store small amounts of data that must be saved when power is removed, such as configuration settings or device firmware. Unlike traditional ROM, EEPROM can be electrically erased and reprogrammed, usually byte by byte. This flexibility makes it useful for storing data that may need to be updated periodically, such as passwords, encryption keys, or device identifiers. In cybersecurity, protecting EEPROM contents is important, as attackers may attempt to extract sensitive information or modify stored data to compromise system security.