Commercial surveillance refers to the development, sale, and deployment of monitoring technologies by private companies. These tools are often marketed to governments, law enforcement agencies, and other organizations for activities such as tracking individuals, intercepting communications, or collecting personal data. While intended for public safety or security purposes, commercial surveillance raises significant concerns about privacy, human rights, and potential misuse. The industry operates globally, with vendors supplying advanced spyware, facial recognition, and data analytics solutions. Regulatory oversight varies, leading to debates about transparency, accountability, and the ethical implications of widespread surveillance capabilities in both democratic and authoritarian contexts.