BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) is a wireless communication technology designed for short-range, low-power data exchange between devices. Unlike classic Bluetooth, BLE is optimized for minimal energy consumption, making it ideal for battery-operated devices such as fitness trackers, smartwatches, and IoT sensors. BLE operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and supports secure pairing and encrypted communication, which is crucial for cybersecurity. Its design allows devices to remain in sleep mode until a connection is initiated, further conserving power. BLE’s widespread adoption has made it a target for security research, as vulnerabilities can expose sensitive data or enable unauthorized access. Implementing strong authentication and encryption protocols is essential to secure BLE communications.